Choyamba, manyowa a nkhuku osaphika si ofanana ndi feteleza wamba.Feteleza wachilengedwe amatanthawuza udzu, keke, manyowa a ziweto, zotsalira za bowa ndi zinthu zina zopangira povunda, kupesa ndi kukonza zimapangidwa kukhala fetereza.Manyowa a zinyama ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zopangira feteleza wachilengedwe.
Kaya manyowa a nkhuku onyowa kapena owuma safufuzidwa, izi zidzatsogolera ku kuwonongeka kwa masamba owonjezera kutentha, minda ya zipatso ndi mbewu zina zamalonda, zomwe zidzawononge chuma chambiri kwa alimi.Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kuona kuopsa kwa manyowa a nkhuku zosaphika, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani anthu amaganiza kuti manyowa a nkhuku ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa manyowa a nyama zina?Ndipo momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mokwanira manyowa a nkhuku molondola komanso mogwira mtima?
Masoka asanu ndi atatu omwe amayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhuku m'malo obiriwira ndi m'minda ya zipatso:
1. Kutentha mizu, kutentha mbande ndi kupha zomera
Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhuku osafufumitsa, ngati dzanja lanu lilowetsedwa m'nthaka, kutentha kwa nthaka kumakwera kwambiri.Pazifukwa zazikulu, kufa kwa flake kapena denga lonse kumatha kuchedwetsa ulimi ndikupangitsa kutayika kwa mtengo wantchito ndi kugulitsa mbewu.
Makamaka, kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira ndi masika kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha chitetezo, chifukwa panthawiyi, kutentha mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kutenthetsa kwa manyowa a nkhuku kudzatumiza kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zimayambitsa kuyaka kwa mizu. .Nkhuku manyowa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa zipatso m'nyengo yozizira ndi masika, ndi nthawi ya muzu dormancy.Muzu ukawotchedwa, ukhoza kukhudza kuchuluka kwa michere ndi maluwa ndi fruiting m'chaka chomwe chikubwera.
2. Kuthira mchere m'nthaka, kuchepetsa kupanga zipatso
Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhuku mosalekeza kwasiya kuchuluka kwa sodium chloride m'nthaka, pomwe pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 30-40 amchere pa 6 masikweya mita a manyowa a nkhuku, ndipo ma kilogalamu 10 amchere pa ekala achepetsa kwambiri kulowerera kwa nthaka ndi ntchito. .Feteleza wokhazikika wa phosphorous, feteleza wa potashi, calcium, magnesium, zinki, chitsulo, boron, manganese ndi zinthu zina zofunika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zikule bwino, masamba ochepa a maluwa ndi kupanga zipatso, zomwe zimalepheretsa kwambiri zokolola ndi zabwino.
Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumatsika chaka ndi chaka ndipo mtengo wowonjezera ukukwera ndi 50-100%.
3. Acidify nthaka ndi kuyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana a rhizosphere ndi matenda a virus
Chifukwa pH ya manyowa a nkhuku ndi pafupifupi 4, imakhala acidic kwambiri ndipo imapangitsa nthaka kukhala acidic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto la mankhwala komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa tsinde ndi minyewa yamizu, kupereka ma virus ambiri omwe amatengedwa ndi manyowa a nkhuku, matenda obwera m'nthaka. -kunyamula mabakiteriya, mavairasi ndipo amapereka mwayi wolowera ndi matenda, pamene chinyezi ndi kutentha kufika pa matendawa kudzachitika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chosakwanira nayonso mphamvu nkhuku manyowa, zosavuta chifukwa chomera wilt, chikasu chofota, atrophy kusiya kukula, palibe maluwa ndi zipatso, ndipo ngakhale imfa;Matenda a ma virus, miliri, zowola mapesi, zowola mizu ndi nsanje ya bakiteriya ndizomwe zimawonekera kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhuku.
4.Root knot nematode infestation
Manyowa a nkhuku ndi malo osungiramo misasa komanso malo oberekera a nematodes.Chiwerengero cha mazira a nematode muzu ndi 100 pa 1000 magalamu.Mazira a mu manyowa a nkhuku ndi osavuta kuswa ndi kuchulukitsa ndi masauzande ambiri usiku umodzi.
Nematodes amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala, ndipo amayenda mofulumira mpaka 50 cm mpaka 1.5 m, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchiza.Root-knot nematode ndi imodzi mwa zoopsa zomwe zimapha kwambiri makadi akale opitilira zaka zitatu.
5. Bweretsani maantibayotiki, zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo chazaulimi
Chakudya cha nkhuku chimakhala ndi mahomoni ambiri, komanso kuwonjezera maantibayotiki kuti apewe matenda, awa amalowetsedwa m'nthaka kudzera mu manyowa a nkhuku, zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo chazaulimi.
6. Kupanga mpweya woipa, kukhudza kukula kwa mbewu, kupha mbande
Manyowa a nkhuku pakuwonongeka kuti apange methane, gasi wa ammonia ndi mpweya wina woipa, kuti nthaka ndi mbewu zipange kuwonongeka kwa asidi ndi kuwonongeka kwa mizu, choopsa kwambiri ndi kupanga mpweya wa ethylene woletsa kukula kwa mizu, chomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu kuyaka mizu.
7. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndowe za nkhuku mosalekeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizu ikhale yopanda mpweya
Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhuku mosalekeza kumabweretsa kusowa kwa okosijeni mumizu komanso kusakula bwino.Manyowa a nkhuku akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nthaka, amadya mpweya m'nthaka panthawi ya kuwonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ya hypoxia, yomwe imalepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu.
8. Zitsulo zolemera zimaposa muyezo
Manyowa a nkhuku ali ndi zitsulo zambiri zolemera monga mkuwa, mercury, chromium, cadmium, lead ndi arsenic, komanso zotsalira zambiri za mahomoni, zomwe zimayambitsa zitsulo zolemera kwambiri muzaulimi, zimaipitsa madzi apansi panthaka ndi nthaka, zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuti organic zisawonongeke. zinthu zimasintha kukhala humus, ndikuwononga kwambiri michere.
Nchifukwa chiyani chonde cha nthaka chikuwoneka chokwera kwambiri pothira manyowa a nkhuku?
Izi ndichifukwa choti matumbo a nkhuku ndi owongoka, chimbudzi ndi mkodzo palimodzi, kotero kuti organic yomwe ili mu manyowa a nkhuku, kuposa 60% ya zinthu zamoyo zili mu mawonekedwe a uric acid, kuwonongeka kwa uric acid kumapereka zinthu zambiri za nayitrogeni, 500 kg ya manyowa a nkhuku ndi ofanana ndi 76.5 kg ya urea, pamwamba pakuwoneka ngati mbewu zimakula mwamphamvu mwachilengedwe.Izi zikachitika mumtundu wa jekete kapena mphesa zamtengo wa zipatso, zitha kubweretsa matenda akulu a physiology.
Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa nayitrogeni ndi kufufuza zinthu komanso kuchuluka kwa urea, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mayamwidwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana apakati ndi kufufuza atsekedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa masamba achikasu, kuvunda kwa umbilical, kusweka kwa zipatso ndi matenda a phazi la nkhuku.
Kodi munakumanapo ndi vuto la kutentha mbande kapena mizu yowola m'minda yanu ya zipatso kapena m'minda ya ndiwo zamasamba?
Feteleza amathiridwa kwambiri, koma zokolola zake sizingawonjezeke.Kodi pali milandu yoyipa?monga kufa kwa theka la utali wake, kuuma kwa dothi, ziputu zolemera, ndi zina zotero. Manyowa a nkhuku amayenera kuthiridwa ndi kuthira mankhwala osavulaza asanayambe kuikidwa m'nthaka!
Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhuku mwanzeru
Manyowa a nkhuku ndi zinthu zabwino zopangira feteleza, zomwe zimakhala ndi 1.63% ya nayitrogeni wangwiro, pafupifupi 1.54% P2O5 ndi 0.085% potaziyamu.Itha kusinthidwa kukhala feteleza wachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito zida zaukadaulo zopangira feteleza.Pambuyo pa nayonso mphamvu, tizilombo towononga ndi mbewu za namsongole zidzachotsedwa ndi kukwera ndi kutsika kwa kutentha.Njira yopangira manyowa a nkhuku imaphatikizapo kupesa → kuphwanya → kusakaniza zosakaniza → granulation → kuyanika → kuziziritsa → kuwunika → kuyeza ndi kusindikiza → kusunga zinthu zomwe zatha.
Tchati choyenda cha njira yopangira feteleza
Ndondomeko yoyendetsera tchati ya feteleza wa organic yokhala ndi matani 30,000 pachaka
Kupanga koyambira kwa mzere wopanga feteleza wa organic
1. Matanki anayi owiritsa adzamangidwa m'malo opangira zinthu, aliyense kutalika kwa 40m, 3m m'lifupi ndi 1.2m dee-p, ndi malo okwana 700 square metres;
2. Malo opangira magetsi akonze njanji yopepuka ya 320m;
3. Malo opangirako amatenga malo a 1400 masikweya mita;
4. Ogwira ntchito zopangira 3 amafunikira m'malo opangira zinthu, ndipo antchito a 20 amafunikira m'malo opanga;
5. Malo opangira zinthu amafunika kugula galimoto yonyamula matani atatu.
Zida zazikulu za mzere wopanga manyowa a nkhuku:
1. Gawo loyambafermentation zidawa manyowa a nkhuku: makina otembenuza kompositi a groove, crawlermakina opangira kompositi, makina otembenuza kompositi odzipangira okha, makina osinthira manyowa a kompositi
2. Zida zophwanyira:theka-nyowa zakuthupi crusher, chophwanyira unyolo, chophwanya choyimirira
3. Zida zosakaniza: chosakanizira chopingasa, chosakanizira cha disc
4. Zida zowunikira zikuphatikizapomakina ozungulira ozungulirandi makina owonetsera ogwedezeka
5. Zida za granulator: granulator yochititsa chidwi, granulator disc,extrusion granulator, ng'oma yozungulira granulatorndi makina ozungulira ozungulira
6. Zipangizo zoyanika: chowumitsira ng'oma yozungulira
7. Zipangizo zamakina ozizira:makina ozizira ozungulira
8. Zida zowonjezera: chodyera chochulukira, chotsitsa manyowa a nkhuku, makina opaka, chotolera fumbi, makina onyamula okha
9. Zida zotumizira: chotengera lamba, chokwera ndowa.
Kapangidwe kachulukidwe ka feteleza wa organic kumaphatikizapo:
1. Ukadaulo wothandiza wa zovuta zovuta komanso kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya.
2.Advanced zokonzekera zakuthupi zamakono ndiBiological nayonso mphamvu dongosolo.
3. Ukadaulo wapadera wa feteleza wapadera (zosakaniza zabwino kwambiri za mankhwala zitha kupangidwa mosinthasintha malinga ndi dothi la komweko ndi mawonekedwe a mbewu).
4. Ukadaulo wowongolera wowongolera wa kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri (gasi wonyansa ndi fungo).
5. Njira yopangira ndi kupanga luso lanjira yopangira feteleza.
Mfundo zofunika kuziganizira popanga manyowa a nkhuku
Ubwino wa zopangira:
The fineness wa zipangizo ndi zofunika kwambiri popanga organic fetereza.Malinga ndi zomwe zinachitikira, fineness zonse zopangira ayenera zikugwirizana ndi motere: 100-60 mfundo za zopangira za 30-40%, 60 mfundo pafupifupi 1.00 mm awiri a zopangira pafupifupi 35%, ndi pafupifupi 25% -30% m'mimba mwake 1.00-2.00 mm.Komabe, popanga, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowoneka bwino kwambiri kumayambitsa mavuto monga tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwabwino kwambiri.
Kukhwima Mulingo wa Fermentation ya manyowa a nkhuku
Manyowa a nkhuku ayenera kuwola kwathunthu asanagwiritse ntchito.Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu manyowa a nkhuku ndi mazira ake, komanso mabakiteriya ena opatsirana, amazimitsidwa chifukwa cha kuvunda (kuwola).Pambuyo powola, manyowa a nkhuku adzakhala feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri.
1. Kukhwima
Pa nthawi yomweyi ndi zinthu zitatu zotsatirazi, mutha kuweruza kuti manyowa a nkhuku afufuma.
1. Kwenikweni palibe fungo loipa;2. White hyphae;3. Manyowa ankhuku asokonekera.
Nthawi yowotchera nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi miyezi itatu m'malo achilengedwe, zomwe zimachulukitsidwa kwambiri ngati fermenting iwonjezeredwa.Kutengera kutentha kozungulira, masiku 20-30 nthawi zambiri amafunikira, ndipo masiku 7-10 amatha kutha pansi pamikhalidwe yopanga fakitale.
2. Chinyezi
Madzi akuyenera kusinthidwa musanayambe manyowa a nkhuku.Pothirira feteleza wa organic, kukwanira kwa madzi ndikofunika kwambiri.Chifukwa chowolacho chimakhala chodzaza ndi mabakiteriya amoyo, ngati chowuma kwambiri kapena chonyowa kwambiri chingakhudze kuwira kwa tizilombo, nthawi zambiri ziyenera kusungidwa pa 60 ~ 65%.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-18-2021