Pali mafamu ambiri a nkhosa ku Australia, New Zealand, America, England, France, Canada ndi mayiko ena ambiri.Inde, imatulutsa manyowa a nkhosa ambiri.Ndi zida zabwino zopangira feteleza wachilengedwe.Chifukwa chiyani?Ubwino wa manyowa a nkhosa ndi woyamba pauweta wa ziweto.Kusankha koweta kwa nkhosa ndi masamba, udzu wofewa, maluwa ndi masamba obiriwira, omwe ndi gawo la nayitrogeni.
Nutrient Analysis
Manyowa atsopano a nkhosa ali ndi 0.46% ya phosphorous ndi 0.23% ya potaziyamu, koma nitrogen ya 0.66%.Phosphorous ndi potaziyamu zake ndizofanana ndi manyowa anyama.Zomwe zili ndi zinthu zamoyo zimafika pafupifupi 30%, kutali ndi manyowa ena anyama.Nayitrojeni wa ng'ombe ndi woposa kuwirikiza kawiri zomwe zili mu ndowe za ng'ombe.Choncho, akagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi manyowa a nkhosa m'nthaka, fetereza imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuposa manyowa ena a ziweto.Zotsatira zake za feteleza ndizofulumira ndipo ndizoyenera kuvala pamwamba, koma pambuyo pakenayonso mphamvu yovundakapenagranulation, mwinamwake n'zosavuta kuwotcha mbande.
Nkhosa ndi zoweta, koma kawirikawiri zimamwa madzi, kotero kuti manyowa a nkhosa amakhala ouma komanso abwino.Kuchuluka kwa ndowe nakonso kumakhala kochepa kwambiri.Manyowa a nkhosa, monga feteleza wotentha, ndi amodzi mwa manyowa a nyama pakati pa ndowe za akavalo ndi ndowe za ng’ombe.Manyowa a nkhosa amakhala ndi zakudya zambiri.Zonse ndizosavuta kugawanika kukhala zakudya zogwira mtima zomwe zimatha kuyamwa, komanso zimakhala ndi zakudya zovuta kuwola.Choncho, manyowa a organic fetereza a nkhosa ndi kuphatikiza kwa feteleza wofulumira komanso wochepa, woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka zosiyanasiyana.Manyowa a nkhosa ndikuthirira kwa biofertilizermabakiteriya composting nayonso mphamvu, ndipo pambuyo kuphwanya udzu, kwachilengedwenso zovuta mabakiteriya amasonkhezera wogawana, ndiyeno ndi aerobic, anaerobic nayonso mphamvu kukhala imayenera organic fetereza.
Zomwe zili muzinthu zotsalira za nkhosa zinali 24% - 27%, nitrogen zili 0.7% - 0.8%, phosphorous 0.45% - 0.6%, potaziyamu 0.3% - 0.6%, zomwe zili mu organic kanthu mu nkhosa 5%, nayitrogeni zili 1.3% mpaka 1.4%, phosphorous pang'ono, potaziyamu ndi wolemera kwambiri, mpaka 2.1% mpaka 2.3%.
Njira Yopangira manyowa a Nkhosa / Fermentation:
1. Sakanizani manyowa a nkhosa ndi ufa pang'ono wa udzu.Kuchuluka kwa ufa wa udzu kumadalira kuchuluka kwa manyowa a nkhosa.Kompositi wamba/kuwira kumafunika 45% ya chinyezi.
2. Onjezani ma kilogalamu atatu a mabakiteriya achilengedwe ku tani imodzi ya manyowa a nkhosa kapena matani 1.5 a manyowa atsopano a nkhosa.Mukathira mabakiteriya pa chiŵerengero cha 1: 300, mukhoza kupopera mofanana mu mulu wa zipangizo za manyowa.Onjezani kuchuluka koyenera kwa ufa wa chimanga, udzu wa chimanga, udzu wouma, ndi zina.
3. Idzakhala ndi chinthu chabwinochosakaniza fetelezakusonkhezera zinthu organic.Kusakaniza kuyenera kukhala kofanana, osasiya chipika.
4. Mukasakaniza zopangira zonse, mutha kupanga mulu wa manyowa amphepo.Kutalika kwa mulu ndi 2.0-3.0 m, kutalika kwa 1.5-2.0 m.Ponena za kutalika, kuposa 5 m ndikwabwino.Kutentha kukadutsa 55 ℃, mutha kugwiritsa ntchitomakina otembenuza kompositikuchitembenuza.
Zindikirani: pali zinthu zina zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zanukupanga manyowa a nkhosa kupanga kompositi, monga kutentha, C/N chiŵerengero, pH mtengo, mpweya ndi kutsimikizira, etc.
5. Kompositi idzakhala masiku atatu kutentha kukwera, masiku 5 osanunkhiza, masiku 9 otayirira, masiku 12 onunkhira, masiku 15 akuvunda.
a.Pa tsiku lachitatu, kutentha kwa mulu wa kompositi kumakwera kufika pa 60℃-80℃, kupha E. coli, mazira ndi matenda ena a zomera ndi tizirombo.
b.Pa tsiku lachisanu, fungo la manyowa a nkhosa limachotsedwa.
c.Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chinayi, kompositi imakhala yotayirira komanso yowuma, yokutidwa ndi white hyphae.
d.Pa tsiku lakhumi ndi chiwiri, zimatulutsa kukoma kwa vinyo;
e.Pa tsiku lakhumi ndi chisanu, manyowa a nkhosa amakhala okhwima.
Mukapanga manyowa a nkhosa zowola, mutha kugulitsa kapena kuyika m'munda wanu, m'munda, m'munda wa zipatso, ndi zina.kupanga feteleza wozama wa organic.
Manyowa a Nkhosa Kugulitsa Zamoyo Zamtundu wa Granules
Pambuyo pa kompositi, feteleza wa organic zopangira zimatumizidwa kutheka-nyowa zakuthupi crusherkuphwanya.Kenaka yikani zinthu zina ku composting (nayitrogeni wangwiro, phosphorous pentoxide, potaziyamu kolorayidi, ammonium kolorayidi, etc.) kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zowonjezera zakudya, ndiyeno sakanizani zipangizozo.Gwiritsani ntchitomtundu watsopano organic fetereza granulatorkuti granulate zipangizo mu particles.Yambani ndi kuziziritsa particles.Gwiritsani ntchitomakina osindikizirakupanga gulu la granules wokhazikika komanso wosayenerera.Oyenerera mankhwala akhoza mmatumba mwachindunji ndimakina onyamula katundundipo ma granules osayenerera adzabwezeredwa ku crusher kuti apangitsenso granulation.
Njira yopangira manyowa a organic fetereza ya nkhosa ikhoza kugawidwa mu kompositi-kuphwanya-kusakaniza-granulating-kuyanika-kuzizira-kupima-kuyika.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mzere wopangira feteleza (kuyambira waung'ono mpaka wawukulu) womwe mungasankhe.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Manyowa a Nkhosa Organic Feteleza
1. Manyowa a nkhosa kuwonongeka kwa fetelezandi pang'onopang'ono, choncho ndi oyenera m'munsi fetereza.Iwo kuonjezera zokolola zotsatira pa mbewu.Kungakhale bwino ndi kuphatikiza otentha organic fetereza.Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ku dothi lamchenga komanso yomata kwambiri, imatha kukulitsa chonde, komanso imathandizira ntchito ya michere ya nthaka.
2. Feteleza wa organic ali ndi michere yosiyanasiyana yofunikira kuti zinthu zaulimi zikhale bwino, kuti zisungidwe zofunika pazakudya.
3. Feteleza wa organic ndi phindu pa kagayidwe ka nthaka, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zachilengedwe za nthaka, kapangidwe kake ndi zakudya.
4. Imawonjezera kukana chilala cha mbewu, kukana kuzizira, kutulutsa mchere ndi mchere komanso kukana matenda.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-18-2021