Ulamuliro wa zinthukupanga feteleza wa organic, muzochita, ndi kugwirizana kwa thupi ndi biological properties popanga kompositi.Kumbali imodzi, chikhalidwe chowongolera ndi chogwirizana komanso chogwirizana.Kumbali ina, mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana imasakanizidwa palimodzi, chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwachilengedwe komanso kuthamanga kwa kuwonongeka kosiyanasiyana.
Kuwongolera chinyezi
Chinyezi ndi chofunikira chofunikiraorganic composting.Popanga manyowa, chinyontho cha zinthu zoyamba za kompositi ndi 40% mpaka 70%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kompositi ipite patsogolo.Chinyezi choyenera kwambiri ndi 60-70%.Chinyezi chochuluka kapena chochepa kwambiri chikhoza kusokoneza ntchito ya aerobe kotero kuti malamulo a chinyezi ayenera kuchitidwa musanayatse.Pamene chinyezi chakuthupi chili chochepera 60%, kutentha kumakwera pang'onopang'ono ndipo digiri ya kuwonongeka ndi yotsika.Chinyontho chikaposa 70%, mpweya umalephereka ndipo kuyanika kwa anaerobic kumapangidwa, komwe sikungathandizire kuti nayonso mphamvu ipite patsogolo.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti moyenerera kuonjezera chinyezi cha zopangira akhoza imathandizira kukhwima kompositi ndi bata.Chinyezi chikuyenera kukhala pa 50-60% pakangoyamba kumene kompositi ndiyeno chisungidwe pa 40% mpaka 50%.Chinyezi chiyenera kuyendetsedwa pansi pa 30% pambuyo pa kompositi.Ngati chinyonthocho chili chambiri, chikuyenera kuyanika pa kutentha kwa 80 ℃.
Kuwongolera kutentha.
Ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, yomwe imatsimikizira kugwirizana kwa zipangizo.Pamene kutentha koyambirira kwa kompositi ndi 30 ~ 50 ℃, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kuwononga zinthu zambiri zamoyo ndi kuwola mapadi mofulumira mu nthawi yochepa, motero kumalimbikitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa muluwo.Kutentha koyenera kwambiri ndi 55 ~ 60 ℃.Kutentha kwakukulu ndikofunikira kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mazira a tizilombo, mbewu za udzu ndi zinthu zina zapoizoni komanso zovulaza.Pa 55 ℃, 65 ℃ ndi 70 ℃ kutentha kwa maola angapo kumatha kupha zinthu zovulaza.Nthawi zambiri zimatenga milungu iwiri kapena itatu pa kutentha kwabwino.
Tidanena kuti chinyezi ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhudza kutentha kwa kompositi.Chinyezi chochuluka chimachepetsa kutentha kwa kompositi, ndipo kusintha chinyezi kumapindulitsa pakuwonjezeka kwa kutentha mu gawo lomaliza la kupesa.Kutentha kungathenso kuchepetsedwa powonjezera chinyezi.
Kutembenuza muluwo ndi njira ina yochepetsera kutentha.Mwa kutembenuza muluwo, kutentha kwa mulu wa zinthu kungathe kulamuliridwa bwino, ndipo madzi amatuluka nthunzi ndi mpweya wothamanga.Themakina opangira kompositindi njira yothandiza kuzindikira kupesa kwa nthawi yayitali.Ili ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito yosavuta, mtengo wotsika mtengo komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri.The cmakina osinthira a ompostamatha kulamulira bwino kutentha ndi nthawi ya nayonso mphamvu.
Kuwongolera chiŵerengero cha C/N.
Chiŵerengero choyenera cha C/N chikhoza kulimbikitsa kuyanika kosalala.Ngati chiŵerengero cha C/N chili chokwera kwambiri, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nayitrogeni komanso kuchepa kwa malo omwe akukula, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamoyo kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kompositi ikhale yayitali.Ngati chiŵerengero cha C/N chili chochepa kwambiri, mpweya ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, ndipo nayitrogeni wochuluka ukhoza kutayika ngati ammonia.Sikuti zimakhudza chilengedwe, komanso amachepetsa mphamvu ya nayitrogeni fetereza.Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa.Protoplasm ili ndi 50% ya carbon, 5% nitrogen ndi 0.25% phosphoric acid.Ofufuzawo akuti chiŵerengero choyenera cha C/N ndi 20-30%.
Chiyerekezo cha C/N cha kompositi organic chingasinthidwe powonjezera C kapena zida zapamwamba za N.Zida zina, monga udzu, udzu, nthambi ndi masamba, zimakhala ndi fiber, lignin ndi pectin.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa carbon/nitrogen, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha carbon.Manyowa a ziweto ndi nkhuku ali ndi nayitrogeni wambiri ndipo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha nayitrogeni.Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe a ammonia nitrogen mu manyowa a nkhumba ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi 80%, zomwe zingathe kulimbikitsa kukula ndi kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikufulumizitsa kompositi.
Themakina atsopano a organic fetereza granulationndi oyenera siteji iyi.Zowonjezera zitha kuwonjezeredwa pazofunikira zosiyanasiyana pomwe zida zopangira zidalowa pamakina.
Air-kuyendandi kupereka oxygen.
Za kukuwira kwa manyowa, n’kofunika kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira ndi okosijeni.Ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kupereka mpweya wofunikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Kutentha kwakukulu ndi nthawi ya composting ikhoza kuyendetsedwa mwa kusintha kutentha kwa mulu kudzera mu mpweya wabwino.Kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumatha kuchotsa chinyezi ndikusunga kutentha koyenera.Mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya ukhoza kuchepetsa kutayika kwa nayitrogeni ndi kutulutsa fungo lochokera ku kompositi.
Chinyezi cha feteleza organic zimakhudza mpweya permeability, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ntchito ndi mowa mpweya.Ndilo chinthu chofunikira kwambiriaerobic composting.Tiyenera kulamulira chinyezi ndi mpweya wabwino malinga ndi makhalidwe a zinthu kuti tikwaniritse mgwirizano wa chinyezi ndi mpweya.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, onsewa amatha kulimbikitsa kukula ndi kubereka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndikupangitsa kuti dzira la fermentation likhale bwino.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka okosijeni kumachulukirachulukira pansi pa 60 ℃, kumakula pang'onopang'ono kupitirira 60 ℃, ndipo kuli pafupi ndi ziro pamwamba pa 70 ℃.Mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya ziyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi kutentha kosiyana.
PH kulamulira.
Mtengo wa pH umakhudza njira yonse yowotchera.Mu gawo loyamba la kompositi, pH idzakhudza ntchito ya mabakiteriya.Mwachitsanzo, pH = 6.0 ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri pa manyowa a nkhumba ndi utuchi.Imalepheretsa carbon dioxide ndi kutentha kwa pH <6.0.Pa pH> 6.0, carbon dioxide ndi kutentha kwake kumawonjezeka mofulumira.Mu gawo la kutentha kwambiri, kuphatikiza kwa pH yapamwamba ndi kutentha kwakukulu kumayambitsa kuphulika kwa ammonia.Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timawola kukhala ma organic acid kudzera mu kompositi, yomwe imatsitsa pH mpaka 5.0.Ma organic acid omwe amasinthasintha amasanduka nthunzi pamene kutentha kumakwera.Pa nthawi yomweyo, kukokoloka kwa ammonia ndi organic zinthu kumawonjezera pH mtengo.Pamapeto pake, imakhazikika pamlingo wapamwamba.Kuchuluka kwa kompositi kumatha kupezeka pa kutentha kwapamwamba kwa kompositi ndi ma pH kuyambira 7.5 mpaka 8.5.Kuchuluka kwa pH kungayambitsenso kusungunuka kwa ammonia, kotero pH ikhoza kuchepetsedwa powonjezera alum ndi phosphoric acid.
Mwachidule, si kophweka kulamulira kothandiza ndi mokwaniranayonso mphamvu organic zipangizo.Kwa chosakaniza chimodzi, izi ndizosavuta.Komabe, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimalumikizana ndikuletsana.Kuti muzindikire kukhathamiritsa kwathunthu kwa zinthu za kompositi, ndikofunikira kugwirizana ndi njira iliyonse.Pamene kulamulira zinthu ndi koyenera, nayonso mphamvu akhoza kupitirira bwino, motero kuika maziko a kupangawapamwamba organic fetereza.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-18-2021