Feteleza wamankhwala amapangidwa mopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosawerengeka, ndi zinthu zomwe zimapereka michere pakukula kwa mbewu ndi njira zakuthupi kapena zamankhwala.
Zakudya za Feteleza za Chemical
Manyowa a mankhwala ali ndi zakudya zitatu zofunika kwambiri kuti zomera zikule.Mitundu ya feteleza ili m'mitundu yayikulu.Zitsanzo zina za feteleza wamankhwala ndi ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride etc.
Kodi NPK Feteleza ndi chiyani?
☆Feteleza wa nayitrojeni
Mizu ya zomera imatha kuyamwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni.Nayitrogeni ndiye gawo lalikulu la mapuloteni (kuphatikiza ma enzymes ndi coenzyme), nucleic acid ndi phospholipids.Ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri za protoplasm, nucleus ndi biofilm, zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo lapadera pazochitika zofunikira za zomera.Nayitrojeni ndi chigawo cha chlorophyll, choncho chimakhala chogwirizana kwambiri ndi photosynthesis.Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kudzakhudza mwachindunji kugawanika kwa maselo ndi kukula.Chifukwa chake, feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndiwofunika kwambiri.Urea, ammonium nitrate ndi ammonium sulphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri paulimi.
☆Phosphatic fetereza
Phosphorous imatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu, maluwa, mbewu ndi zipatso.Phosphorus imatenga nawo gawo munjira zosiyanasiyana zama metabolic.Phosphorus imakhala ndi ma meristems, omwe ali ndi ntchito zopindulitsa kwambiri pamoyo.Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa P kumakhudza kwambiri mlimi, nthambi ndi kukula kwa mizu.Phosphorus imalimbikitsa kutembenuka ndi kunyamula chakudya chamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa mbewu, mizu ndi ma tubers.Iwo akhoza kwambiri kuonjezera zokolola za mbewu.
☆Potaziyamu feteleza
Potaziyamu feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufulumizitsa kukula kwa tsinde, kuyenda kwa madzi ndi kulimbikitsa maluwa ndi fruiting.Potaziyamu (K) ali mu mawonekedwe a ayoni muzomera, omwe amayang'ana kwambiri mbali zopindulitsa kwambiri m'moyo wa zomera, monga malo okulirapo, cambium ndi masamba, ndi zina zotero. Potaziyamu imalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, imathandizira kayendedwe ka shuga ndikuonetsetsa kuti maselo. kuyamwa madzi.
Ubwino wa feteleza wamankhwala
Feteleza wa mankhwala amene amathandiza zomera kukula
Amakhala ndi michere imodzi kapena zingapo zofunika kukula monga nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi zina zambiri.Zikawonjezeredwa m'nthaka, zakudyazi zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za zomera ndikuzipatsa zakudya zomwe zinalibe mwachibadwa kapena zimawathandiza kusunga zakudya zomwe zinatayika.Feteleza wamankhwala amapereka mitundu yeniyeni ya NPK kuti athe kuchiritsa dothi lopanda michere ndi zomera.
Feteleza wamankhwala kukhala wotsika mtengo kuposa feteleza wachilengedwe
Feteleza wamankhwala amakonda kutsika mtengo kuposa feteleza wachilengedwe.Kumbali imodzi, kuwona kuchokera ku njira yopanga feteleza organic.Sizovuta kudziwa zifukwa zomwe feteleza wachilengedwe amawonongera ndalama: kufunika kokolola zinthu zakuthupi kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mu feteleza, komanso kukwera mtengo kwa certification ya organic ndi mabungwe oyang'anira boma.
Kumbali inayi, feteleza wamankhwala omwe amasanduka otsika mtengo chifukwa amanyamula zakudya zambiri pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwake, pomwe feteleza wochulukirapo amafunikira pamlingo womwewo wa michere.Mmodzi amafunikira mapaundi angapo a feteleza wachilengedwe kuti apereke milingo yofanana ya michere ya nthaka yomwe paundi imodzi ya feteleza wamankhwala imapereka.Zifukwa ziwirizi zimakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamankhwala ndi feteleza wachilengedwe.Malipoti ena akuwonetsa kuti msika wa feteleza waku US ukhala pafupifupi $40 Biliyoni pomwe feteleza wachilengedwe amangotenga $60 Miliyoni.Zina zonse ndi gawo la feteleza zosiyanasiyana zopangira.
Kupereka chakudya mwamsanga
Kupereka chakudya chamsanga ndi kutsika mtengo wogulira kunachititsa kuti feteleza asamakhale wodziwika bwino.Feteleza wamankhwala akhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'mafamu ambiri, mabwalo ndi minda, ndipo amatha kukhala gawo lofunikira pakusamalira udzu wathanzi.Komabe, kodi feteleza wa mankhwala sawononga nthaka ndi zomera?Kodi palibe zinthu zofunika kuzindikila poika feteleza wa mankhwala?Yankho mwamtheradi ndi AYI!
Zotsatira Zachilengedwe Pogwiritsa Ntchito Feteleza Wopanga
Kuipitsa gwero la madzi apansi panthaka
Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga feteleza wamankhwala zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa zachilengedwe zikaloledwa kuthamangira kumadzi.Nayitrojeni yomwe imathamangira m'madzi apansi ndi malo olimapo imapanga 51% ya zochita za anthu.Ammonia nayitrogeni ndi nitrate ndizomwe zimaipitsa kwambiri mitsinje ndi nyanja, zomwe zimatsogolera ku eutrophication ndi kuipitsa madzi pansi.
Kuwononga dongosolo la nthaka
●Pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamankhwala kwanthawi yayitali komanso mokulira, zovuta zina za chilengedwe zitha kuwonekera, monga kuthirira kwa nthaka ndi kutumphuka.Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wochuluka wa nayitrogeni, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe, minda ina yamalo otentha imakhala ndi dothi lolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ulimi uwonongeke.Zotsatira za feteleza wamankhwala panthaka ndizambiri ndipo sizingasinthe.
● Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamankhwala kwa nthawi yaitali kungasinthe pH ya nthaka, kusokoneza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuchulukitsa tizilombo towononga, ngakhalenso kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
●Feteleza zamitundu yambirimbiri zimakhala ndi asidi kwambiri, zomwe zimachititsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi acidity kwambiri, motero amachepetsa zamoyo zopindulitsa ndiponso amalepheretsa kukula kwa zomera.Posokoneza chilengedwechi, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopangira kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kubweretsa kusalinganika kwa mankhwala muzomera zomwe zimalandira.
● Kupaka mobwerezabwereza kungapangitse kuti m’nthaka muchuluke mankhwala oopsa monga arsenic, cadmium, ndi uranium.Mankhwala oopsawa amatha kulowa mu zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira pakugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kumatha kupewa zinyalala zosafunikira pogula feteleza ndikuwonjezera zokolola za mbewu.
Kusankha feteleza molingana ndi mawonekedwe a nthaka
Musanagule feteleza, m'pofunika kudziwa bwino nthaka pH.Ngati dothi lavunda, titha kuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe, kusunga mphamvu ya nayitrogeni ndikukhalabe kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa phosphatic.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ndiorganic fetereza
Ndikofunikira kuti ulimi ugwiritse ntchitoorganic feterezandi feteleza wa mankhwala.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti n'kopindulitsa kusintha nthaka organic zinthu.Pogwiritsa ntchito manyowa achilengedwe ndi feteleza wamankhwala, organic zinthu zadothi zimasinthidwa ndipo kusinthanitsa mphamvu ya nthaka kumakhala bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya michere ya nthaka ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa kwa michere ya mbewu.Zimathandizira kukonza bwino mbewu, kukulitsa chigawo cha mapuloteni, ma amino acid ndi michere ina, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nitrate ndi nitrite m'masamba ndi zipatso.
Kusankha njira yoyenera ya umuna
Mu njira za feteleza ndi chilengedwe, nitrate zomwe zili m'masamba ndi mbewu ndi mitundu ya nayitrogeni m'nthaka zimagwirizana kwambiri.kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka, kuchuluka kwa nitrate m'masamba, makamaka m'nthawi yotsiriza.Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mankhwala ayenera kukhala oyambirira osati kwambiri.Feteleza wa nayitrogeni siwoyenera kufalikira, apo ayi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke kapena kutayika.Chifukwa cha kusuntha kochepa, feteleza wa phosphatic ayenera kuyikidwa mozama.
Feteleza wamankhwala amakomera kwambiri zomera zomwe zimakula, komanso zimakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe.
Pali chiwopsezo cha kuipitsidwa kwa madzi apansi panthaka komanso zovuta zachilengedwe zomwe fetereza wamankhwala amabweretsa.Onetsetsani kuti mukumvetsa zomwe zikuchitika padziko lapansi pansi pa mapazi anu, kuti musankhe mwanzeru.
Mfundo ntchito mankhwala fetereza
Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa feteleza wamankhwala ndikuphatikiza ndi feteleza wachilengedwe.Pezani zakudya zopatsa thanzi molingana ndi momwe nthaka ilili ndikuthira feteleza molingana ndi zosowa zenizeni.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-18-2021