Kuti nthaka ikhale yoyenera kumera mizu ya mbeu, m'pofunika kuwongolera momwe nthaka ilili.Wonjezerani zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka, onjezerani dothi kuti likhale lophatikizana, ndi kuchepetsa zinthu zovulaza m'nthaka.
Feteleza wachilengedwe amapangidwa ndi manyowa a ziweto ndi nkhuku ndi zotsalira za zomera.Pambuyo pa kutentha kwakukulu, zinthu zapoizoni ndi zovulaza zimachotsedwa.Ndi wolemera mu kuchuluka kwa zinthu organic, kuphatikizapo: zosiyanasiyana organic zidulo, peptides, nayitrogeni, phosphorous, Rich zakudya kuphatikizapo potaziyamu.Ndi feteleza wobiriwira amene amathandiza mbewu ndi nthaka.
Feteleza wachilengedwe amatanthauza mtundu wa feteleza womwe uli ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe ndipo sangangopereka michere yambiri yazachilengedwe ku mbewu, komanso kukulitsa chonde m'nthaka.
Zofunika za feteleza organic:
1. Zakudya zowonjezera, kutulutsa pang'onopang'ono komanso nthawi yayitali, yofewa, yobereka komanso yokhazikika;
2. Lili ndi ntchito yoyambitsa michere ya nthaka, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu, ndi kupititsa patsogolo photosynthesis;
3. Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa nitrate muzinthu, onjezerani zokolola ndikuwonjezera zokolola;mankhwalawo ndi owala, aakulu ndi okoma;
4. Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza, akhoza kuonjezera kwambiri zomwe zili m'nthaka, kusintha mpweya wa nthaka, madzi otsekemera, ndi kusunga chonde, kuti nthaka ikhale yachonde komanso kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha feteleza wa mankhwala.
Ubwino wa organic fetereza:
1. Mu feteleza wa organic muli tizilombo tambiri tambiri tomwe timatha kuwola, kuonjezera kaphatikizidwe ka dothi komanso kukonza dothi.Wonjezerani mpweya permeability wa nthaka, komanso kupanga nthaka fluffy ndi zofewa, ndi michere madzi n'kosavuta kutaya, kuonjezera nthaka madzi ndi fetereza mphamvu yosungirako, kupewa ndi kuthetsa nthaka compaction.
2. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta feteleza wopangidwa ndi organic tingalepheretsenso kuberekana kwa mabakiteriya owopsa, titha kuletsa bwino zamoyo zovulaza m'nthaka, kupulumutsa ntchito ndi ndalama, komanso kukhala opanda kuipitsa.
3. 95% ya zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka sizisungunuka ndipo sizingalowe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera.Ma metabolites a Microbial ali ndi kuchuluka kwa ma organic acid, omwe ali ngati madzi otentha omwe amawonjezeredwa ku ayezi.Ikhoza kusungunula zinthu zomwe zili ndi calcium, magnesium, sulfure, mkuwa, zinki, chitsulo, boron, molybdenum ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri zamchere za zomera, ndi kuwasandutsa kukhala michere yomwe ingathe kutengeka ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera, ndikuwonjezera chonde cha nthaka. kuthekera kopereka.
4. Tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono monga Bacillus subtilis mu feteleza wachilengedwe timagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka kupanga ma metabolites achiwiri, omwe amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zolimbikitsa kukula.Mwachitsanzo, auxin imatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu ndi kukula, abscisic acid imatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zipatso, gibberellin imatha kulimbikitsa maluwa ndi zipatso, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa maluwa, kusungirako zipatso, kukulitsa zokolola, kupanga zipatso kukhala zochuluka, zatsopano komanso zachifundo. kugulitsidwa msanga.Kupeza zokolola zambiri ndi ndalama.
5. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta feteleza timakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo timakhala m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali.Tizilombo toyambitsa nayitrojeni, mabakiteriya osungunuka phosphorous, mabakiteriya osungunuka potaziyamu ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono titha kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni mumlengalenga ndikutulutsa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous m'nthaka zomwe sizimatengedwa mosavuta ndi mbewu.Muzipereka zakudya zopatsa thanzi nthawi zonse.Choncho, feteleza wa organic amakhalanso ndi zotsatira za nthawi yaitali.
6. Malingana ndi deta yofunikira, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mankhwala pakupanga kwathu kwenikweni ndi 30% -45%.Zambiri mwa izo sizingalowedwe mwachindunji ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zosafunikira monga kusungunuka kwa mchere ndi kuphatikizika kwa dothi.Tikagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe, ntchito zake zamoyo zopindulitsa zimatha kusintha nthaka, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya nthaka yosunga madzi ndi feteleza, potero kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zakudya.Kuphatikizidwa ndi zotsatira za organic zinthu zopindulitsa tizilombo kupasuka phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, ogwira ntchito mlingo wa feteleza mankhwala akhoza ziwonjezeke kuposa 50%.
7. Feteleza wachilengedwe atha kuchulukitsa zokolola komanso kupititsa patsogolo zokolola zaulimi.Pansi pa michere yomweyi, feteleza wachilengedwe amafananizidwa ndi feteleza wamankhwala.Akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza woyambira, feteleza wachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amakhala wabwino kuposa feteleza wamankhwala.Akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati topdressing, wawonongeka kwathunthu.Zotsatira za feteleza organic nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino kuposa feteleza wamankhwala.Makamaka kuwongolera zinthu zaulimi ndikopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa feteleza wamankhwala.
8. Feteleza wachilengedwe amatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kulimbikitsa kuyamwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu.Feteleza wachilengedwe amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe ndipo ndi malo abwino kwambiri okulirapo komanso kubalana kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.The organic nkhani ya fetereza organic angathenso kutulutsa phenols zosiyanasiyana, mavitamini, michere, auxins ndi timadzi ngati zinthu m`kati kuwola, amene angalimbikitse kukula kwa mbewu mizu ndi mayamwidwe zakudya.
9. Chepetsani kukonza kwa michere ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya michere.Feteleza wachilengedwe amakhala ndi ma organic acid ambiri, ma humic acid ndi zinthu zina za hydroxyl.Onse ali ndi luso lamphamvu la chelate ndipo amatha chelate ndi zinthu zambiri zachitsulo kupanga chelate.Kuletsa nthaka kukonza zakudya zimenezi ndi kulephera.Mwachitsanzo, feteleza wa organic ndi feteleza wa phosphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi.Ma organic acid ndi ma chelates ena mu feteleza amatha kusungunula ma ayoni a aluminiyamu omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri m'nthaka, zomwe zingalepheretse kuphatikiza kwa aluminiyamu ndi phosphorous kupanga phosphorous yotsekeka yosungira yomwe imakhala yovuta kuti mbewu zimwe.Wonjezerani nthaka yomwe ilipo phosphorous.
10. Kufulumizitsa mapangidwe nthaka aggregates ndi kusintha nthaka thupi ndi mankhwala katundu.Ma organic-inorganic aggregates ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha chonde cha nthaka.The zambiri zili, bwino thupi katundu wa nthaka.Dothi likakhala lachonde, m’pamenenso limakhala ndi mphamvu zosunga nthaka, madzi ndi feteleza., Kayendetsedwe ka mpweya wabwino, m'pamenenso mizu ya mbeu imamera bwino.
Kuti mupeze mayankho atsatanetsatane kapena zogulitsa, chonde tcherani khutu patsamba lathu lovomerezeka:
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Chodzikanira: Zina mwazinthu zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi ndizongongotchula chabe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-11-2022