Kuwonongeka kwa zakudya kwakhala kukuchulukirachulukira pamene chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lapansi chikuwonjezeka komanso mizinda ikukulirakulira.Mamiliyoni a matani a chakudya amatayidwa m’zinyalala padziko lonse chaka chilichonse.Pafupifupi 30% ya zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, mbewu, nyama ndi zakudya zapadziko lonse lapansi zimatayidwa chaka chilichonse.Kuwonongeka kwa chakudya kwakhala vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe m'mayiko onse.Kuchuluka kwa zakudya zotayidwa kumayambitsa kuipitsa kwakukulu, komwe kumawononga mpweya, madzi, nthaka ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.Kumbali ina, zinyalala zazakudya zimaphwanyidwa mwa anaerobicly kuti zipange mpweya wowonjezera kutentha monga methane, carbon dioxide ndi mpweya wina woipa.Kutayidwa kwa chakudya kumatulutsa matani 3.3 biliyoni a mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.Kumbali inayi, zinyalala za chakudya zimaponyedwa m’malo otayiramo nthaka omwe amatenga malo aakulu, kutulutsa mpweya wotayira m’nthaka ndi fumbi loyandama.Ngati zotayira zomwe zimatulutsidwa panthawi yotayirako sizikuyendetsedwa bwino, zitha kuyambitsa kuyipitsa kwachiwiri, kuwononga nthaka komanso kuwononga madzi apansi panthaka.
Kuwotcha ndi kutaya zinyalala kuli ndi zovuta zazikulu, ndipo kugwiritsanso ntchito zinyalala zazakudya kudzathandizira kuteteza chilengedwe ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zongowonjezwdwa.
Momwe zinyalala zazakudya zimapangidwira kukhala feteleza wachilengedwe.
Zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, mkaka, chimanga, mkate, khofi, zipolopolo, nyama ndi nyuzipepala zonse zitha kupangidwa ndi manyowa.Zinyalala zazakudya ndi gawo lapadera la kompositi yomwe imakhala gwero lalikulu lazinthu zachilengedwe.Zinyalala zazakudya zimaphatikizapo zinthu monga wowuma, cellulose, protein lipids ndi mchere wamchere, komanso kufufuza zinthu monga,,,,, N,P,,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,K, etc. Zinyalala zazakudya zatha. mpaka 85% biodegradable.Lili ndi makhalidwe a organic okhutira, madzi ochuluka ndi zakudya zambiri, ndipo ali ndi mtengo wobwezeretsanso.Chifukwa zinyalala zazakudya zimakhala ndi chinyontho chambiri komanso mawonekedwe ocheperako, ndikofunikira kusakaniza zinyalala zatsopano zazakudya ndi zotupa, zomwe zimatenga madzi ochulukirapo ndikuwonjezera kapangidwe kake.
Zinyalala zazakudya zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri za organic, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni a 15% - 23%, mafuta - 17% - 24%, mchere - 3% - 5%, Ca - 54%, sodium kolorayidi - 3% - 4%. ndi zina.
Ukadaulo waukadaulo ndi zida zofananira zosinthira zinyalala zazakudya kukhala feteleza wachilengedwe.
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti kuchepa kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu zotayirako kumayambitsa kuipitsa chilengedwe.Pakalipano, mayiko ena otukuka akhazikitsa njira yabwino yochotsera zakudya zowonongeka.Mwachitsanzo, ku Germany, zinyalala za chakudya zimachotsedwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito kompositi ndi kuthirira kwa anaerobic, kumapanga pafupifupi matani 5 miliyoni a feteleza wachilengedwe kuchokera ku zinyalala za chakudya chaka chilichonse.Popanga manyowa azakudya ku UK, matani pafupifupi 20 miliyoni a mpweya wa CO2 amatha kuchepetsedwa chaka chilichonse.Kompositi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi 95% yamizinda yaku US.Kompositi ikhoza kubweretsa ubwino wosiyanasiyana wa chilengedwe, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa madzi, ndipo phindu lachuma ndi lalikulu.
Kutaya madzi m'thupi.
Madzi ndiye gawo lalikulu lazakudya zowononga zomwe zimawononga 70% -90%, ndiye gwero lazakudya zotayika.Choncho, kutaya madzi m'thupi ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri yosinthira zinyalala za chakudya kukhala feteleza wachilengedwe.
Chida chochizira chakudya chisanachitike chithandizo ndi sitepe yoyamba pochiza zinyalala za chakudya.Zimaphatikizapo: makina opukutira madzi a oblique sieve, ziboda, makina olekanitsa okha, olekanitsa madzi olimba, olekanitsa mafuta ndi madzi, thanki yowotchera.
Njira zoyambira zitha kugawidwa m'magawo otsatirawa:.
1. Zakudya zotayidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa madzi m'thupi chifukwa zili ndi madzi ochulukirapo.
2. Kuchotsa zinyalala zosavunda ku zinyalala za chakudya, monga zitsulo, matabwa, mapulasitiki, mapepala, nsalu, ndi zina zotero, kupyolera mu kusanja.
3. Zinyalala za chakudya zimasankhidwa ndikudyetsedwa mu cholekanitsa chamadzimadzi chozungulira kuti chiphwanyidwe, kutaya madzi m'thupi ndi kutaya mafuta.
4. Zotsalira za chakudya zopukutidwa zimawuma ndikuwumitsidwa pa kutentha kwambiri kuti zichotse chinyezi chochulukirapo komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana.Kufewetsa ndi kuuma kwa zinyalala za chakudya zomwe zimafunikira pakupanga kompositi, komanso zinyalala zazakudya, zitha kudyetsedwa mwachindunji mu thanki yowotchera kudzera pa chotengera lamba.
5. Madzi ochotsedwa ku zinyalala za chakudya ndi osakaniza a mafuta ndi madzi, olekanitsidwa ndi olekanitsa madzi a mafuta.Mafuta olekanitsidwa amakonzedwa mwakuya kuti apeze biodiesel kapena mafuta amafuta.
Chipangizocho chili ndi ubwino wa linanena bungwe mkulu, ntchito otetezeka, mtengo wotsika ndi yochepa kupanga mkombero.Kupyolera mu chithandizo chopanda vuto la chuma chochepetsedwa ndi kuwononga chakudya, kuipitsa kwachiwiri komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutayika kwa chakudya m'mayendedwe oyendetsa kumapewedwa.Pali zitsanzo zambiri zoti tisankhe mufakitale yathu, monga 500kg/h, 1t/h, 3t/h, 5t/h, 10t/h, etc.
Kompositi.
Nayonso thanki ndi mtundu wa anatsekeredwa mokwanira nayonso mphamvu thanki ntchito mkulu kutentha aerobic nayonso mphamvu luso, amene m'malo chikhalidwe stacking luso composting.Kutsekedwa kwa kutentha kwakukulu ndi njira yopangira manyowa mwachangu mu thanki imapanga kompositi yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe imatha kuwongoleredwa bwino kwambiri, yowola mwachangu komanso mtundu wazinthu zokhazikika.
Kompositi yomwe ili mumtsuko imakhala yokhayokha, ndipo kuwongolera kutentha panthawi ya kompositi ndikofunikira.Pokhala ndi kutentha kwabwino kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zinthu zamoyo zimatha kuwola mwachangu komanso kutentha kwambiri, mazira ndi mbewu za udzu zitha kukwaniritsidwa nthawi imodzi.Kuwira kumayamba ndi tizilombo tomwe timapezeka mwachilengedwe m'zinyalala zazakudya zomwe zimaphwanya zinthu za kompositi, kutulutsa michere, kukweza kutentha mpaka madigiri 60-70 C ofunikira kupha mbewu zam'mera, ndikutsata malamulo oyendetsera zinyalala.Zinyalala zazakudya zitha kupangidwa ndi manyowa m'masiku anayi okha pogwiritsa ntchito matanki owiritsa.Pakangotha masiku 4-7, kompositiyo imavunda bwino ndikutayidwa, ndipo kompositi yowolayo ilibe fungo ndipo imayikidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti ikhale ndi michere yambiri.Kupanga kompositi kopanda pake, kosabala, sikungopulumutsa malo otayirapo kuti kutetezere chilengedwe, komanso kudzabweretsa phindu pazachuma.
Granulation.
Feteleza wa organic amatenga gawo lofunikira pamsika wa feteleza padziko lonse lapansi.Chinsinsi chothandizira kupanga feteleza wachilengedwe ndikusankha makina oyenera opangira feteleza.Granulation ndi njira yopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta organic zopangira, zomwe zimatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito azinthu zopangira organic kuti ateteze midadada kuti isachuluke, kotero kuti mapulogalamu ang'onoang'ono akhale osavuta kunyamula, kunyamula ndi zina zotero.Zopangira zonse zitha kupangidwa kukhala feteleza wozungulira wa organic kudzera pamakina athu a organic fetereza granulation.Mitengo ya granulation imatha kufika 100% ndipo zinthu zakuthupi zimatha kukhala 100%.
Paulimi waukulu, granularity pa msika ndizofunikira.Makina athu amatha kupanga feteleza organic wa 0.5mm-1.3mm,, 1.3mm-3mm,, 2mm-5mm mosiyanasiyana.Kuphatikizika kwa feteleza wa organic kumapereka njira zina zothekera zosakaniza mchere kuti apange feteleza wopatsa thanzi wosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimalola kuti zochulukirapo zisungidwe ndikuyikidwa kuti zitheke kugulitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta.Manyowa a granular organic ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito popanda fungo losasangalatsa, mbewu za udzu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamadziwika bwino.Poyerekeza ndi zinyalala za nyama, Nayitrogeni N wawo wokhutira ndi 4.3 nthawi zakale, zomwe phosphorous P2O5 zili ndi 4 nthawi yomaliza, ndipo zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu K2O ndi 8.2 nthawi yakumapeto.Feteleza wa tinthu tating'onoting'ono amapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino, yogwira ntchito m'nthaka, mankhwala, zinthu zachilengedwe komanso chinyezi, mpweya ndi kutentha powonjezera mulingo wa humus, ndikuwonjezera zokolola.
Zouma ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi.
Pakupanga feteleza wa organic, chowumitsira chopukutira ndi chozizira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi.Kuchepetsa chinyezi cha organic fetereza particles ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa particles kukwaniritsa cholinga cha sterilizing deodorization.Masitepe awiriwa amachepetsa kutayika kwa michere mu feteleza wachilengedwe kuti tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tifanane komanso tosalala.
Sefa phukusi.
The screening ndondomeko ikuchitika ndi wodzigudubuza sieve subsecond zosefera kunja nonconforming particles.Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timanyamulidwa ndi conveyor kupita ku blender kuti tikonzenso, ndipo feteleza woyenerera adzapakidwa ndi makina oyika okha.
Pindulani ndi feteleza wachilengedwe muzakudya.
Kusintha zinyalala za chakudya kukhala feteleza wachilengedwe kungapangitse phindu pazachuma komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zingathandize kuti nthaka ikhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuchepetsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi kukonza madzi abwino.Gasi wachilengedwe wongowonjezedwanso komanso mafuta achilengedwe amathanso kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala zomwe zakonzedwanso, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso kudalira mafuta oyaka.
Feteleza wachilengedwe ndi michere yabwino kwambiri m'nthaka ndipo ali ndi zabwino zambiri m'nthaka.Ndi gwero labwino lazakudya zamasamba, kuphatikiza nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi micronutrients, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti mbewu zikule.Ikhozanso kuwononga tizirombo ndi matenda a zomera, komanso kuchepetsa kufunika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala ophera fungal ndi mankhwala.Manyowa apamwamba kwambiri adzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mawonedwe a maluwa muulimi, minda ndi malo a anthu, zomwe zidzabweretsanso phindu lachindunji la zachuma kwa opanga.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-22-2020