Kompositi ya mphutsi ndi njira yofunikira yosavulaza, kuchepetsa, ndi kubwezeretsanso zinyalala zaulimi.Mphutsi zimatha kudya zinyalala zolimba monga udzu, manyowa a ziweto, matope a m'tawuni, ndi zina zotero, zomwe sizingathetsere vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, komanso kusandutsa zinyalala kukhala chuma ndikupanga phindu lalikulu.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imapanganso chilengedwe chokhazikika chaulimi.
Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano a nyongolotsi popanga feteleza, akuti kusakaniza kwa ziweto ndi nkhuku kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula matenda ndi tizilombo towononga mbande ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu.Izi zimafuna kuti munthu wina nayonso mphamvu ya mankhwala a nyongolotsi za m'nthaka asanayambe kupanga feteleza wapansi.
Amatanthauza zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya zomwe zimachokera ku zomera ndi/kapena nyama zomwe zimafufutidwa ndikuwola.Ntchito yawo ndikuwongolera chonde m'nthaka, kupereka zakudya zamasamba, ndikuwongolera zokolola.Ndi yoyenera feteleza wachilengedwe wopangidwa kuchokera ku manyowa a ziweto ndi nkhuku, zotsalira za nyama ndi zomera ndi zinthu zanyama ndi zomera monga zopangira, komanso pambuyo pa kupesa ndi kuwola.
Maupangiri a pa intaneti akuwonetsa kuti manyowa anyama osiyanasiyana ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosinthira mpweya chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwa carbon-nitrogen.Nthawi zambiri, chiŵerengero cha carbon-nitrogen pa fermentation ndi cha 25-35.
Chiŵerengero cha carbon-nitrogen cha manyowa a ziweto ndi nkhuku zochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zidzakhalanso zosiyana.Ndikofunikira kusintha chiŵerengero cha mpweya wa nayitrogeni kuti muluwo uwole molingana ndi mmene zilili m’dera lililonse komanso chiŵerengero chenicheni cha carbon-nitrogen cha manyowa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopangidwa ndi manyowa a mphutsi:
Manyowa a mphutsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza zinyalala za organic ndi kukonza zachilengedwe kuti azindikire cholinga chosinthira zinyalala kukhala chuma ndikubwezeretsanso chitukuko.
Manyowa a nyongolotsi za m'nthaka ali ndi zinthu zabwino, monga kumasula mpweya, kusunga chinyezi choyenera, komanso kutha kuyamwa ndikunyamula zinthu zozungulira.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, vermicompost imakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, imakhudza kwambiri nthaka, ndipo imatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu.Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nyongolotsi pakupanga feteleza woyambira mbewu sikungangobweretsa phindu pazachuma, komanso kumawonjezera ntchito zanthaka ndikukwaniritsa zotsatira zakugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu.
Kapangidwe ka manyowa a organic fetereza ya nyongolotsi:
Kupesa→kuphwanya→kugwedeza ndi kusakaniza→kung'ung'udza→kuyanika→kuzizira→kusenera→kunyamula ndi kusunga.
1. Kuyanika
Kuwotchera kokwanira ndiko maziko opangira feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri.Makina otembenuzira mulu amazindikira kuwira bwino ndi kupanga kompositi, ndipo amatha kuzindikira kutembenuka kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kuwira, zomwe zimakulitsa liwiro la aerobic fermentation.
2. Gwirani
Chopukusira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga feteleza wachilengedwe, ndipo chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zophwanyidwa pazinthu zonyowa monga manyowa a nkhuku ndi matope.
3. Kusonkhezera
Zopangirazo zikaphwanyidwa, zimasakanizidwa ndi zinthu zina zothandizira mofanana kenako n’kupanga granulated.
4. Granulation
Njira yopangira granulation ndiye gawo lalikulu la mzere wopanga feteleza wa organic.organic fetereza granulator amakwaniritsa apamwamba yunifolomu granulation kudzera mosalekeza kusakaniza, kugundana, inlay, spheroidization, granulation, ndi kachulukidwe.
5. Kuyanika ndi kuziziritsa
Chowumitsira ng'oma chimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zigwirizane ndi mpweya wotentha komanso zimachepetsa chinyezi cha particles.
Pamene kuchepetsa kutentha kwa pellets, chozizira cha ng'oma chimachepetsanso madzi omwe ali mu pellets kachiwiri, ndipo pafupifupi 3% ya madzi amatha kuchotsedwa kupyolera mu kuzizira.
6. Kuwunika
Pambuyo kuzirala, ma ufa onse ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono titha kuyang'aniridwa ndi makina a ng'oma.
7. Kuyika
Iyi ndi njira yomaliza yopanga.Makina ojambulira odziyimira pawokha amatha kulemera, kunyamula ndikusindikiza thumba.
Chidziwitso cha zida zazikulu za mzere wopanga feteleza wopangidwa ndi manyowa a earthworm:
1. Zida zoyatsira: makina otembenuza amtundu wa ufa, makina otembenuza amtundu wa crawler, kutembenuza mbale ndi makina oponya.
2. Crusher zida: theka-yonyowa zakuthupi crusher, ofukula chopondapo
3. Zida zosakaniza: chosakaniza chopingasa, chosakaniza poto
4. Zida zowonetsera: makina owonetsera ng'oma
5. Zipangizo za granulator: chokozera mano choyambitsa mano, granulator ya disc, granulator extrusion, ng'oma granulator
6. Zipangizo zowumitsira: chowumitsira ng'oma
7. Zida zoziziritsira: ng'oma yozizira
8. Zida zothandizira: cholekanitsa chamadzimadzi cholimba, chodyera chochuluka, makina opangira ma CD, makina oyendetsa lamba.
Njira yowotchera manyowa a nyongolotsi imayendetsedwa makamaka ndi zinthu izi:
Chinyezi
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kompositi ikuyenda bwino panthawi ya composting, kuchuluka kwa madzi mu gawo loyamba la kompositi kuyenera kusungidwa pa 50-60%.Pambuyo pake, chinyezi chimasungidwa pa 40% mpaka 50%.Kwenikweni, palibe madontho amadzi omwe amatha kutuluka.Pambuyo pa nayonso mphamvu, chinyezi cha zinthuzo chiyenera kusungidwa pansi pa 30%.Ngati chinyezi chili chochuluka, chiyenera kuyanika pa 80 ° C.
Kuwongolera kutentha
Kutentha ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya tizilombo.Stacking ndi njira ina yochepetsera kutentha.Potembenuza stack, kutentha kwa stack kungathe kuyendetsedwa bwino kuti kuwonjezere kutuluka kwa madzi ndikulola mpweya wabwino kulowa mu stack.Kupyolera mu kutembenuzika kosalekeza, kutentha ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthawi ya fermentation kumatha kuyendetsedwa bwino.
Mpweya wa carbon ndi nitrogen
Mpweya wabwino wa carbon ndi nayitrogeni ukhoza kulimbikitsa kuwira bwino kwa kompositi.Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapanga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga mu organic fermentation process.Ofufuza amalimbikitsa kompositi yoyenera C/N ya 20-30%.
Mpweya wa carbon ndi nayitrogeni wa kompositi wa organic ukhoza kusinthidwa powonjezera zinthu za carbon kapena nitrogen yambiri.Zida zina monga udzu, udzu, nthambi zakufa ndi masamba zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera za carbon.Ikhoza kulimbikitsa kukula ndi kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikufulumizitsa kukhwima kwa kompositi.
pH control
Mtengo wa pH umakhudza njira yonse yowotchera.Mu gawo loyambirira la kompositi, mtengo wa pH umakhudza ntchito ya mabakiteriya.
Chodzikanira: Zina mwazinthu zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi zikuchokera pa intaneti ndipo ndizongongowona.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-28-2021