Zili bwanjifetelezakupangidwa?
Feteleza amapangidwa ndi kupanga kapena kuyeretsa zinthu zachilengedwe.Manyowa opangidwa ndi feteleza amaphatikiza nayitrogeni, phosphorous, ndi potashi.Zopangira fetelezazi zimachokera ku petroleum, mineral ndi zachilengedwe.Feteleza wa nayitrogeni amapangidwa ndi chemical reaction ya gaseous ammonia, feteleza wa phosphate amapezedwa mwakuthupi ndi mankhwala a phosphate ore, ndipo feteleza wa potaziyamu amapezedwa mwakuthupi ndi mankhwala a potashi ore.Palinso feteleza wa biomass, monga feteleza wachilengedwe ndi manyowa, omwe amachokera ku zamoyo.
Manyowa oyeretsedwa mwachilengedwe, monga phosphorous yamwala, sodium sulfate, ndi sodium nitrate, amachotsedwa mwachindunji ku mchere wachilengedwe kapena kuyeretsedwa ndi njira zakuthupi kapena zamankhwala.
Zinthu zovulaza, monga ammonia ndi hydrogen sulfide, zimatha kupangidwa popanga feteleza, zomwe zimafunikira kusamalidwa ndikutsatiridwa ndi malamulo oteteza zachilengedwe.Kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamankhwala kuyenera kutsata ndondomeko ya nthaka ndi zosowa za mbewu.Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kudzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa nthaka ndi chilengedwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamankhwala kumafunikanso kutsatira kuchuluka kwa umuna ndi nthawi ya umuna, ndipo kusintha kwa feteleza kuyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi mtundu wa dothi, malo, nyengo ndi zinthu zina kuti zitsimikizire kuti umuna umakhala wabwino kwambiri.Pokonza feteleza, nkhani monga za mayendedwe ndi kasungidwe kake ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti feteleza wamankhwala asaipitse chilengedwe kapena kusokoneza thanzi la munthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la feteleza wamankhwala pa chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu, njira yotchedwa organic Agriculture yaperekedwa, yomwe imapezeka makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe, kukonza nthaka, komanso kusamalira minda. .Zolinga zopanga zogwira mtima komanso zachilengedwe.
Kuonjezera apo, njira zina zaumisiri za feteleza zilinso pansi pakupanga, monga feteleza wa biochar, feteleza wa microbial, ndi feteleza wochotsa zomera.Zakudya zokolola zokolola zimapereka chithandizo chokhazikika komanso chokhalitsa.
Mwachidule, feteleza wamankhwala ndi gwero lofunikira lazakudya pazaulimi, koma kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamankhwala kuyenera kuganizira za chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu, ndipo mayankho athunthu akuyenera kutsatiridwa kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito zaulimi ndikuteteza chilengedwe komanso thanzi la munthu pa nthawi yomweyo.
Kodi feteleza wamkulu 4 ndi chiyani?
Manyowa akuluakulu anayi ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potashi ndi calcium.
1.Feteleza wa nayitrojeni: Nayitrojeni ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mmera, zomwe zimatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa tsinde ndi masamba a zomera.Nayitrogeni wamba feteleza monga ammonia nayitrogeni fetereza, ammonium nitrate, urea ndi zina zotero.
2.Phosphorus Feteleza: Phosphorus ndi michere yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mizu ya mbewu ndi kuberekana, komanso imalimbikitsa kukana kupsinjika kwa mbewu.Feteleza wamba wa phosphate ndi monga diammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate, ndi sodium phosphate.
3.Potaziyamu feteleza: Potaziyamu ndi michere yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa zipatso za mbewu komanso kukana kupsinjika, ndipo imatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zipatso ndi zipatso.Manyowa a potaziyamu wamba amaphatikizapo potaziyamu chloride ndi potaziyamu sulphate.
4.Feteleza wa Calcium: Kashiamu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikika kwa khoma la ma cell ndi ma genetic, zomwe zimathandiza mbewu kulimbana ndi matenda komanso kuzolowera chilengedwe.Manyowa a calcium wamba amaphatikizapo laimu ndi calcium carbonate.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-11-2023