Kusamalira moyenera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino manyowa a ziweto kungabweretse ndalama zambiri kwa alimi ambiri, komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yawo yotukuka.
Tizilombo organic feterezandi mtundu wa feteleza ndi ntchito za tizilombo ting'onoting'ono feteleza ndi organic fetereza, amene makamaka anachokera ku zotsalira za nyama ndi zomera (monga manyowa a ziweto, mbewu udzu, etc.) ndipo wapangidwa ndi mankhwala opanda vuto lililonse.
Izi zimatsimikizira kuti feteleza wachilengedwe wachilengedwe ali ndi zigawo ziwiri: 1) ntchito yeniyeni ya tizilombo.2) ankachitira organic zinyalala.
1) Enieni zinchito tizilombo
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timagwira ntchito mu feteleza wachilengedwe wachilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya, bowa ndi actinomycetes, zomwe zimatha kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa michere ya dothi ndi kukula kwa mbewu zikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nthaka.Ntchito zenizeni zitha kugawidwa motere:
1. Tizilombo toyambitsa nayitrojeni:
(1) symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria: makamaka amanena za leguminous crop rhizobia monga: rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, chronic ammonia-fixing rhizobia mbande, etc.;Mabakiteriya osagwiritsa ntchito nyemba amtundu wa symbiotic nitrogen-fixing monga Franklinella, Cyanobacteria, kukonza kwawo kwa nayitrogeni ndikokwera kwambiri.
(2) Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nayitrogeni: monga mabakiteriya ozungulira ozungulira a nayitrogeni, mabakiteriya a photosynthetic, ndi zina zambiri.
(3) Mabakiteriya ophatikizana ndi nayitrogeni: amatanthauza tizilombo tomwe tingakhale tokha tikakhala muzu ndi masamba a rhizosphere ya zomera, monga Pseudomonas genus, lipogenic nitrogen-fixing helicobacteria, etc.
2. Phosphorus kusungunuka (kusungunuka) bowa: Bacillus (monga Bacillus megacephalus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus humilus, etc.), Pseudomonas (monga Pseudomonas fluorescens), mabakiteriya okhazikika a nayitrojeni, Rhizobium, Thiosperobaxipus, Rhizobium, Tiosperobaxipus, Rhizobium, Rhizobium, Rhizobium, Tiosperobaxipus, Rhizobium Streptomyces, etc.
3. Kusungunuka (kusungunuka) mabakiteriya a potaziyamu: mabakiteriya a silicate (monga colloid Bacillus, colloid Bacillus, cyclosporillus), mabakiteriya a potaziyamu omwe si silicate.
4. Mankhwala opha tizilombo: Trichoderma (monga Trichoderma harzianum), actinomycetes (monga Streptomyces flatus, Streptomyces sp. sp.), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis mitundu, etc.
5. Mabakiteriya omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwa Rhizosphere ndi bowa omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera.
6. Mabakiteriya a nsanja yowala: mitundu ingapo ya Pseudomonas gracilis ndi mitundu ingapo ya Pseudomonas gracilis.Mitundu iyi ndi mabakiteriya a aerobic omwe amatha kukula pamaso pa haidrojeni ndipo ndi oyenera kupanga feteleza wachilengedwe.
7. Mabakiteriya osamva tizilombo komanso ochulukitsa kupanga: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Phylloidase, Cordyceps ndi Bacillus.
8. Mabakiteriya owononga cellulose: thermophilic lateral spora, Trichoderma, Mucor, etc.
9. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono: Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tikalowa m'nthaka, timatha kutulutsa zinthu zogwira ntchito kuti zilimbikitse ndikuwongolera kukula kwa mbewu.Ena a iwo ali kuyeretsedwa ndi kuwonongeka mphamvu dothi poizoni, monga yisiti ndi lactic acid mabakiteriya.
2) Zinthu zakuthupi zochokera ku zotsalira za nyama zomwe zawonongeka.Zida zakuthupi popanda kuwira, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji kupanga feteleza, sizingabwerenso pamsika.
Kuti mabakiteriya akhudzidwe mokwanira ndi zopangira ndikukwaniritsa nayonso mphamvu, amatha kugwedezeka mofanana kudzera mumakina opangira kompositimonga pansipa:
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri organic:
(1) Manyowa: nkhuku, nkhumba, ng’ombe, nkhosa, kavalo ndi manyowa ena;
(2) Udzu: udzu wa chimanga, udzu, udzu wa tirigu, udzu wa soya ndi mapesi a mbewu zina;
(3) mankhusu ndi chinangwa.Ufa wa mankhusu a mpunga, mankhusu a mtedza, ufa wa mbande za mtedza, chinangwa cha mpunga, chinangwa cha bowa, ndi zina zotero;
(4) dregs: distiller's dregs, soya msuzi dregs, vinyo wosasa, dregs furfural, xylose dregs, enzyme dregs, adyo dregs, shuga dregs, etc.
(5) chakudya cha mkate.Keke ya soya, ufa wa soya, mafuta, keke ya rapeseed, etc.
(6) Zinyalala zina zapakhomo, zosefera matope opangira shuga, matope a shuga, bagasse, etc.
Zopangira izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera zowonjezera zopangira zopangira feteleza wachilengedwe wachilengedwe pambuyo pa nayonso mphamvu.
Ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi zinthu zowola organic zinthu ziwirizi zitha kupangidwa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe.
1) Njira yowonjezera mwachindunji
1, sankhani mabakiteriya ang'onoang'ono: atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu umodzi kapena iwiri, osapitilira mitundu itatu, chifukwa mabakiteriya omwe amasankha kwambiri amapikisana ndi zakudya pakati pawo, amatsogolera mwachindunji kugwirira ntchito limodzi.
2. Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera: malinga ndi muyezo wa NY884-2012 wa feteleza wa bio-organic ku China, mabakiteriya amoyo a bio-organic fetereza ayenera kufika 0,2 miliyoni / g.Mu tani imodzi yazinthu zakuthupi, zopitilira 2 kg za tizilombo tomwe timagwira ntchito ndi mabakiteriya amoyo ≥10 biliyoni / g ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa.Ngati chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya omwe akugwira ntchito ndi 1 biliyoni / g, oposa 20 kg adzafunika kuwonjezeredwa, ndi zina zotero.Mayiko osiyanasiyana akuyenera kuwonjezera njira zosiyanasiyana.
3. Njira yowonjezerera: Onjezani bakiteriya wogwira ntchito (ufa) kuzinthu zofufumitsa molingana ndi njira yomwe yasonyezedwa mu bukhu la opareshoni, sakanizani molingana ndi kuupaka.
4. Chenjezo: (1) Osaumitsa pa kutentha kwambiri kuposa 100 ℃, apo ayi adzapha mabakiteriya ogwira ntchito.Ngati kuli kofunikira kuti ziume, ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa mutatha kuyanika.(2) Chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zili mu mabakiteriya omwe ali mu feteleza wachilengedwe wokonzedwa ndi njira yowerengera nthawi zambiri sizifika pazomwe zili bwino, kotero pokonzekera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timawonjezedwa kupitirira 10% kuposa deta yabwino. .
2) kukalamba yachiwiri ndi kukulitsa chikhalidwe njira
Poyerekeza ndi njira yowonjezera mwachindunji, njirayi ili ndi ubwino wopulumutsa mtengo wa mabakiteriya.Choyipa chake ndikuti kuyesa kumafunika kudziwa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tiwonjezere, ndikuwonjezeranso njira ina.Nthawi zambiri timalimbikitsa kuti ndalama zowonjezeretsa zikhale 20% kapena kupitilira apo mwa njira yowonjezerera mwachindunji, ndikufikira mulingo wa feteleza wachilengedwe wachilengedwe kudzera mu njira yokalamba yachiwiri.Njira zogwirira ntchito ndi izi:
1. Sankhani mabakiteriya ang'onoang'ono (ufa): akhoza kukhala amtundu umodzi kapena awiri, osaposa mitundu itatu, chifukwa mabakiteriya ambiri amasankha, amapikisana ndi zakudya pakati pawo, amatsogolera ku zotsatira za mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana.
2. Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera: molingana ndi muyezo wa feteleza wachilengedwe ku China, mabakiteriya amoyo a bio-organic fetereza ayenera kufika 0,2 miliyoni / g.Mu toni imodzi yazinthu zakuthupi, kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya amoyo ≥10 biliyoni/g a tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono (ufa) ayenera kuwonjezeredwa osachepera 0,4 kg.Ngati chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya omwe akugwira ntchito ndi 1 biliyoni / g, oposa 4 kg adzafunika kuwonjezeredwa, ndi zina zotero.Mayiko osiyanasiyana ayenera kutsata miyezo yosiyana kuti awonjezereko bwino.
3. Njira yowonjezera: mabakiteriya ogwira ntchito (ufa) ndi chinangwa cha tirigu, mankhusu a mpunga, chinangwa kapena china chilichonse chosakaniza, onjezerani mwachindunji ku organic zipangizo zofufumitsa, kusakaniza mofanana, zosungidwa kwa masiku 3-5 kuti apange zenizeni. ntchito mabakiteriya kudziletsa kufalitsa.
4. Kuwongolera kwachinyezi ndi kutentha: panthawi ya stacking fermentation, chinyezi ndi kutentha ziyenera kuyendetsedwa molingana ndi chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya ogwira ntchito.Ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, kutalika kwa stacking kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
5. Enieni zinchito mabakiteriya kudziwa okhutira: pambuyo kutha kwa stacking, sampuli ndi kutumiza ku bungwe ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kudziwika luso kukayezetsa koyambirira ngati zili za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono angathe kukwaniritsa muyezo, ngati zingatheke, mukhoza kwachilengedwenso organic fetereza. mwa njira iyi.Ngati izi sizikukwaniritsidwa, onjezani kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya omwe amagwira ntchito ku 40% ya njira yowonjezera mwachindunji ndikubwereza kuyesa mpaka kupambana.
6. Njira zodzitetezera: Osaumitsa kutentha kwambiri kuposa 100 ℃, apo ayi zitha kupha mabakiteriya ogwira ntchito.Ngati kuli kofunikira kuti ziume, ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa mutatha kuyanika.
Popanga feteleza wa bio-organic pambuyo pa kupesa, nthawi zambiri ndi zinthu zaufa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawuluka ndi mphepo m'nyengo yachilimwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke komanso kuwononga fumbi.Choncho, pofuna kuchepetsa fumbi ndi kupewa caking, ndondomeko granulation nthawi zambiri ntchito.Mungagwiritse ntchito granulator ya dzino pa chithunzi pamwambapa kuti granulation, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku humic acid, mpweya wakuda, kaolin ndi zina zovuta kutulutsa zipangizo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-18-2021