Sucroseamawerengera 65-70% ya shuga padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kupanga kumafuna nthunzi yambiri ndi magetsi, ndipo kumapanga zotsalira zambiri pamagawo osiyanasiyana opanga.
Zopangira ndi zosakaniza za shuga / sucrose.
Pokonza nzimbe, kuwonjezera pa shuga, shuga ndi zinthu zina zazikulu, pali nzimbe, sludge, black sucrose molasses ndi zinthu zina zazikulu zitatu.
Mchere wa nzimbe: .
Slag ya nzimbe ndizomwe zimatsalira pambuyo potulutsa madzi a nzimbe.Slag ya nzimbe imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanga feteleza wachilengedwe.Koma chifukwa nzimbe slag pafupifupi koyera mapadi, pafupifupi palibe zakudya, si yotheka fetereza, choncho m'pofunika kuwonjezera zakudya zina, makamaka nayitrogeni wolemera zinthu monga wobiriwira nkhani, ndowe za ng'ombe, nkhumba manyowa ndi zina zotero. pansi.
Molasses: .
Molasses ndi mchere wolekanitsidwa ndi shuga wa C-grade panthawi ya molasses centriforation.Zokolola pa tani imodzi ya molasses ndi pakati pa 4 ndi 4.5 peresenti.Anatumizidwa kunja kwa fakitale ngati zidutswa.Komabe, molasi ndi gwero lamphamvu komanso lachangu lamphamvu kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana komanso moyo wanthaka mu milu ya kompositi kapena dothi.Molasses ali ndi 27: 1 carbon-to-nitrogen ration ndipo ali ndi pafupifupi 21% yosungunuka mpweya.Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika kapena kupanga ethanol monga chopangira chakudya cha ng'ombe komanso ndi feteleza wopangidwa ndi molasses.
Peresenti ya zakudya mu molasses.
| Ayi. | Zakudya zopatsa thanzi. | % |
| 1 | Sucrose | 30-35 |
| 2 | Glucose ndi fructose | 10-25 |
| 3 | Madzi | 23-23.5 |
| 4 | Imvi | 16-16.5 |
| 5 | Calcium ndi potaziyamu | 4.8-5 |
| 6 | Zosakaniza zopanda shuga | 2-3 |
| 7 | Zina zamchere | 1-2 |
Sefa fakitale ya shugamatope:.
Sefa matope, chotsalira chachikulu cha kupanga shuga, ndi zotsalira za mankhwala a nzimbe kudzera mu kusefera, kuwerengera 2% ya kulemera kwa nzimbe kuphwanya.Amadziwikanso kuti sucrose matope, sucrose slag, keke ya fyuluta ya sucrose, matope a fyuluta ya nzimbe, matope a fyuluta ya nzimbe.
Dongosolo lingayambitse kuipitsa kwakukulu ndipo, m'mafakitale ena a shuga, amaonedwa ngati zotayidwa ndipo angayambitse kusamalidwa ndi mavuto omaliza.Ngati itatayidwa mwakufuna ikhoza kuwononga mpweya ndi madzi apansi.Chifukwa chake, kuchiritsa matope ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mphero za shuga ndi madipatimenti oteteza chilengedwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yamatope: M'malo mwake, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi mchere zomwe zimafunikira pakudya kwa mbewu, makeke osefera agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza ku Brazil, India, Australia, Cuba, Pakistan, Taiwan, South Africa, Argentina ndi mayiko ena. .Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati m'malo mwathunthu kapena pang'ono m'malo mwa feteleza wa mchere wolima nzimbe ndi mbewu zina.Kuphatikiza apo, sludge ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popangira dothi la bio-dothi, lomwe limapangidwa ndi kompositi kuchokera ku zinyalala zamadzimadzi zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku distillery.
Mtengo wamatope ngati chinthu chopangira manyowa.
The chiŵerengero cha shuga kupanga zosefera matope (65% madzi okhutira) ndi za 10:3, mwachitsanzo 10 matani kupanga shuga akhoza kutulutsa 1 tani youma fyuluta matope.Chiwerengero chonse cha shuga padziko lonse lapansi mu 2015 chinali matani 117.2 miliyoni, pomwe Brazil, India ndi China zidapanga 75 peresenti yazopanga padziko lonse lapansi.Akuti India imapanga pafupifupi matani 520 miliyoni a matope a sefa pachaka.Tisanadziwe momwe tingasamalire sludge slag zachilengedwe, tiyenera kuphunzira zambiri za kapangidwe kake kuti tipeze yankho labwino kwambiri!
Maonekedwe ake ndi kapangidwe kake ka matope osefa nzimbe: .
| Ayi. | Parameters. | Mtengo. |
| 1. | Ph. | 4.95 % |
| 2. | Zonse zolimba. | 27.87 peresenti |
| 3. | Zolimba zonse zosakhazikika. | 84.00 % |
| 4. | KODI | 117.60 peresenti |
| 5. | BOD (kutentha 27 ° C, masiku 5) | 22.20% |
| 6. | organic carbon. | 48.80% |
| 7. | Organic kanthu. | 84.12 % |
| 8. | Nayitrogeni. | 1.75 % |
| 9. | Phosphorous. | 0.65 % |
| 10. | Potaziyamu. | 0.28 % |
| 11. | Sodium. | 0.18 % |
| 12. | Kashiamu. | 2.70 % |
| 13. | Sulfate. | 1.07 % |
| 14. | Shuga. | 7.92 % |
| 15. | Sera ndi mafuta. | 4.65 % |
Kuchokera pamwamba, kuwonjezera pa 20-25% organic carbon, matope amakhalanso ndi chiwerengero chochuluka cha kufufuza ndi micronutrients.Matope amakhalanso ndi potaziyamu, sodium ndi phosphorous.Ndiwolemera mu phosphorous ndi magwero a organic okhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu, chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala feteleza wamtengo wapatali wa kompositi!Kaya zosakonzedwa kapena kukonzedwa.Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mtengo wa feteleza ndi monga kompositi, chithandizo cha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndi kusakaniza ndi madzi oipa a distillery...
Njira yopangira feteleza wa organic kwa matope ndi molasses.
Kompositi.
Dothi loyamba la sefa ya shuga (87.8%), zinthu za carbon (9.5%) monga ufa wa udzu, ufa wa udzu, nyongolosi ya majeremusi, chinangwa cha tirigu, utuchi, utuchi, ndi zina zotero, molasi (0.5%), mono-superphosphate The acid (2.0%) ), matope a sulfure (0.2%), ndi zina zotero, amasakanizidwa bwino ndi kuunikidwa pafupifupi mamita 20 pamwamba pa nthaka, mamita 2.3-2.5 m’lifupi, ndi pafupifupi mamita 2.6 m’mwamba mu utali wa semicircular.Langizo: Kutalika kwa msewu wamphepo kuyenera kufanana ndi zomwe zili pagalimoto ya kompositi yomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito.
Perekani nthawi yokwanira kuti muluwo ufufute bwino ndikuwola, zomwe zimatenga masiku 14-21.Pakukonza kompositi, gwedezani muluwo ndi kupopera madzi masiku atatu aliwonse kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi cha 50-60%.Dumper imatsimikizira kufanana ndi kusakaniza bwino kwa milu panthawi ya composting.Langizo: Dumper imagwiritsidwa ntchito posakaniza yunifolomu ndikutaya msanga mmbuyo, ndipo ndi chida chofunikira popanga feteleza wachilengedwe.
Zindikirani: Ngati chinyezi chili chambiri, nthawi yowotchera iyenera kuonjezedwa.Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, madzi ocheperako angayambitse kupesa kosakwanira.Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati kompositi yawola?Kompositi yovunda imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe otayirira, imvi-bulauni, yopanda fungo, ndipo kompositiyo imagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa malo ozungulira.Chinyezi cha kompositi sichidutsa 20%.
Granulation.
Kompositi wovundayo amatumizidwa ku granulation - makina atsopano opangira feteleza.
Kuyanika.
Apa, molasses (0.5% ya zopangira zonse) ndi madzi amapopera asanalowe mu chowumitsira kuti apange tinthu tating'onoting'ono.Chowumitsira chopukutira chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowumitsa wakuthupi kupanga tinthu pa kutentha kwa 240-250 ° C ndikuchepetsa chinyezi mpaka 10%.
Kuwunika.
Pambuyo pa granulation, tumizani ku ndondomeko yowonetsera - roller sieve extender.Kukula kwapakati kwa bioferts kuyenera kukhala 5mm m'mimba mwake popanga tinthu ndikugwiritsa ntchito.Oversized particles ndi undersized particles kubwerera ku ndondomeko granulation.
Kupaka.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayenderana ndi kukula timatumizidwa kumayendedwe - makina onyamula okha, kudzera muzodzaza matumba, chomaliza chimatumizidwa kumalo osiyanasiyana.
Makhalidwe ndi ntchito za organic fetereza wa matope fyuluta.
- Kukana kwambiri matenda:
Pochiza sludge, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timachulukana mofulumira, ndikupanga maantibayotiki ambiri, mahomoni ndi ma metabolites ena enieni.Kuthira feteleza m'nthaka kungathe kulepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi udzu komanso kumathandizira kuti tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tisawonongeke.Dothi lonyowa silimathandizidwa ndipo limatha kupatsira mosavuta mabakiteriya, mbewu za udzu ndi mazira ku mbewu, zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwake.
- Kunenepa kwambiri:
Popeza nthawi nayonso mphamvu ndi masiku 7-15 okha, momwe angathere kusunga fyuluta matope zakudya, ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo, n'zovuta kuyamwa zinthu mu michere yothandiza.Feteleza wosasefedwa m’matope amatha kubweza msanga zakudya zofunika kuti mbewu zikule komanso kuti feteleza azigwira bwino ntchito.
- Limbikitsani chonde m'nthaka ndikuwongolera nthaka:
Ngati nthawi yaitali ntchito limodzi feteleza, pang'onopang'ono kudya nthaka chonde, kuti nthaka tizilombo kuchepetsa, kuti puloteni okhutira yafupika, colloidal kuwonongeka, chifukwa mu nthaka solidification, acidification ndi salinization.Wosefedwa matope organic fetereza amatha kugwirizananso mchenga, kumasula dongo, kulepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kubwezeretsa nthaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kumapangitsa kuti nthaka isapitirire, komanso imapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi chinyezi ndi zakudya.
- Kupititsa patsogolo zokolola ndi ubwino wake:
Zakudya za feteleza wa sefa matope amatengedwa kudzera mu mizu yotukuka ndi masamba amphamvu a mbewu, zomwe zimathandizira kumera, kukula, maluwa, kumera ndi kukhwima kwa mbewu.Zimathandizira kwambiri maonekedwe ndi mtundu wa zinthu zaulimi ndikuwonjezera kutsekemera kwa nzimbe ndi zipatso.Manyowa a bio-organic fetereza angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati feteleza wofunikira, m'nyengo yakukula, kachulukidwe kakang'ono kameneka kangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kukula kwa mbewu, kukwaniritsa kasamalidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka.
- Zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
Nzimbe, nthochi, mitengo ya zipatso, mavwende, masamba, tiyi, maluwa, mbatata, fodya, chakudya, etc.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-22-2020