Nkhosa manyowa organic fetereza nayonso mphamvu luso

Palinso minda yambiri ikuluikulu ndi yaing’ono.Pokwaniritsa zosowa za anthu za nyama, amatulutsanso manyowa ambiri a ziweto ndi nkhuku.The wololera mankhwala manyowa sangathe bwino kuthetsa vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, komanso kutembenukira zinyalala.Weibao amapeza phindu lalikulu ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapanga chilengedwe chokhazikika chaulimi.

Feteleza wa organic amachokera ku zomera ndi (kapena) nyama, ndipo amafufuzidwa ndikuwola pokhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.Ntchito yake ndikuwongolera chonde m'nthaka, kupereka zakudya zamasamba, ndikuwongolera zokolola.Ndi yoyenera feteleza wopangidwa kuchokera ku manyowa a ziweto ndi nkhuku, zotsalira za nyama ndi zomera ndi zinyama ndi zomera monga zopangira, komanso pambuyo pa kupesa ndi kuwola.

Poyerekeza ndi ndowe zina zoweta ziweto, zakudya za ndowe za nkhosa zili ndi ubwino wake.Chosankha cha chakudya cha nkhosa ndi masamba ndi udzu wofewa, maluwa ndi masamba obiriwira, omwe ndi mbali zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri.Manyowa atsopano a nkhosa ali ndi 0.46% ya phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, 0.23% ya nitrogen ndi 0.66%, ndipo phosphorous ndi potaziyamu yake imakhala yofanana ndi manyowa ena.Zomwe zili mu organic matter ndi zochulukirapo pafupifupi 30% ndipo zimaposa manyowa ena anyama.Mlingo wa nayitrogeni umaposa kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa ndowe za ng'ombe.Mphamvu ya feteleza yofulumira ndiyoyenera kuvala pamwamba, koma imayenera kuwola, kufufutidwa kapena granulated, apo ayi ndikosavuta kuwotcha mbande.

Maupangiri a pa intaneti akuwonetsa kuti manyowa anyama osiyanasiyana ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosinthira mpweya chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwa carbon-nitrogen.Nthawi zambiri, chiŵerengero cha carbon-nitrogen pa fermentation ndi cha 25-35.Chiŵerengero cha carbon ndi nitrogen cha manyowa a nkhosa ndi pakati pa 26-31.

Manyowa a ziweto ndi nkhuku ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi ma retiro a carbon-nitrogen osiyanasiyana.Ndikofunikira kusintha chiŵerengero cha mpweya wa nayitrogeni molingana ndi mmene zinthu zilili m’deralo komanso kuti muluwo uwole.

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopangidwa ndi manyowa a nkhosa:

1. Manyowa a manyowa a nkhosa amawola pang'onopang'ono ndipo ndi abwino ngati feteleza wapansi kuti awonjezere kukolola.The ophatikizana ntchito organic fetereza ali bwino kwambiri.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu dothi lamchenga ndi dongo lomwe ndi lolimba kwambiri, silingangowonjezera chonde, komanso kuonjezera ntchito ya michere ya nthaka.

2. Manyowa a manyowa a nkhosa amakhala ndi michere yosiyanasiyana yofunikira kuti zinthu zaulimi zisamayende bwino komanso kuti zisamadye bwino.

3. Manyowa opangidwa ndi manyowa a nkhosa amathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale ndi kagayidwe kachakudya ndipo imapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chizigwira ntchito bwino m'nthaka.

4. Nkhosa manyowa organic fetereza akhoza kusintha chilala kukana, ozizira kukana, desalination kukana, mchere kulolerana ndi kukana matenda a mbewu.

Njira yopangira manyowa a nkhosa ndi feteleza wa organic:

Kupesa→kuphwanya→kugwedeza ndi kusakaniza→kung'ung'udza→kuyanika→kuziziritsa→kusunga→kulongedza ndi kusunga.

1. Kuyanika

Kuwotchera kokwanira ndiko maziko opangira feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri.Makina otembenuzira mulu amazindikira kuwira bwino ndi kupanga kompositi, ndipo amatha kuzindikira kutembenuka kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kuwira, zomwe zimakulitsa liwiro la aerobic fermentation.

2. Gwirani

Chopukusira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga feteleza wachilengedwe, ndipo chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zophwanyidwa pazinthu zonyowa monga manyowa a nkhuku ndi matope.

3. Kusonkhezera

Zopangirazo zikaphwanyidwa, zimasakanizidwa ndi zinthu zina zothandizira mofanana kenako n’kupanga granulated.

4. Granulation

Njira yopangira granulation ndiye gawo lalikulu la mzere wopanga feteleza wa organic.organic fetereza granulator amakwaniritsa yunifolomu granulation wapamwamba kwambiri kudzera mosalekeza kusakaniza, kugundana, inlay, spheroidization, granulation, ndi densification.

5. Kuyanika ndi kuziziritsa

Chowumitsira ng'oma chimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zigwirizane ndi mpweya wotentha komanso zimachepetsa chinyezi cha particles.

Pamene kuchepetsa kutentha kwa pellets, chozizira cha ng'oma chimachepetsanso madzi omwe ali mu pellets kachiwiri, ndipo pafupifupi 3% ya madzi amatha kuchotsedwa kupyolera mu kuzizira.

6. Kuwunika

Pambuyo kuzirala, ma ufa onse ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono titha kuyang'aniridwa ndi makina a ng'oma.

7. Kuyika

Iyi ndi njira yomaliza yopanga.Makina ojambulira odziyimira pawokha amatha kulemera, kunyamula ndikusindikiza thumba.

Zida zazikulu zoyambira zopangira manyowa a nkhosa organic fetereza mzere:

1. Zida zoyatsira: makina otembenuza amtundu wa ufa, makina otembenuza amtundu wa crawler, kutembenuza mbale ndi makina oponya.

2. Crusher zida: theka-yonyowa zakuthupi crusher, ofukula chopondapo

3. Zida zosakaniza: chosakaniza chopingasa, chosakaniza poto

4. Zida zowonetsera: makina owonetsera ng'oma

5. Zipangizo za granulator: chokozera mano choyambitsa mano, granulator ya disc, granulator extrusion, ng'oma granulator

6. Zipangizo zowumitsira: chowumitsira ng'oma

7. Zida zoziziritsira: ng'oma yozizira

8. Zida zothandizira: cholekanitsa chamadzimadzi cholimba, chodyetsa chochulukira, makina opangira ma CD, makina onyamula lamba.

Njira yowotchera ndowe ya ng'ombe:

1. Sakanizani ndowe za nkhosa ndi ufa wochepa wa udzu.Kuchuluka kwa ufa wa udzu kumadalira chinyezi cha manyowa a nkhosa.Kuwotchera kwa kompositi kumafuna madzi okwanira 45%, kutanthauza kuti mukamaunjika manyowa pali madzi pakati pa zala zanu koma palibe kudontha madzi.Mukachimasula, chimamasuka nthawi yomweyo.

2. Onjezani 3 kg ya mabakiteriya ophatikizika achilengedwe ku tani imodzi ya manyowa a nkhosa kapena matani 1.5 a manyowa atsopano a nkhosa.Chepetsani mabakiteriya pa chiŵerengero cha 1:300 ndikuwapopera mofanana pa mulu wa manyowa a nkhosa.Onjezerani ufa wa chimanga wokwanira, mapesi a chimanga, udzu, ndi zina zotero.

3. Okonzeka ndi chosakanizira chabwino kusakaniza izi organic zopangira.Kusakaniza kuyenera kukhala kofanana kokwanira.

4. Sakanizani zosakaniza zonse kuti mupange kompositi.Mulu uliwonse uli ndi m'lifupi mwake mamita 2.0-3.0 ndi mulu kutalika kwa 1.5-2.0 mamita.Ponena za kutalika, 5 mita kapena kupitilira apo ndi yabwino.Kutentha kukapitilira 55 ℃, makina opangira manyowa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira

Zindikirani: Zinthu zina zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kompositi ya manyowa a nkhosa, monga kutentha, carbon to nitrogen ratio, pH, oxygen ndi nthawi.

5. Kompositiyo amatenthedwa kwa masiku atatu, amachotsa fungo kwa masiku asanu, amamasuka kwa masiku 9, amanunkhiza kwa masiku 12, ndikuwola kwa masiku khumi ndi asanu.

a.Patsiku lachitatu, kutentha kwa mulu wa kompositi kumawonjezeka kufika 60 ℃-80 ℃ kupha matenda a zomera ndi tizilombo towononga tizilombo monga Escherichia coli ndi mazira a tizilombo.

b.Pa tsiku lachisanu, fungo la ndowe za nkhosa linachotsedwa.

c.Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chinayi, kompositi imakhala yotayirira komanso yowuma, yokutidwa ndi white hyphae.

d.Pa tsiku lakhumi ndi chiwiri, zinkawoneka kuti zimatulutsa fungo la vinyo;

e.Pa tsiku lakhumi ndi chisanu, ndowe za nkhosa zimawola kotheratu.

Chodzikanira: Zina mwazinthu zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi zikuchokera pa intaneti ndipo ndizongongowona.