The nayonso mphamvu organic zopangira ndi zofunika kwambiri ndi pachimake mbali ya kupanga feteleza organic, komanso zimakhudza kwambiri mbali ya khalidwe la organic fetereza, ndi nayonso mphamvu ya organic zopangira kwenikweni kugwirizana kwa thupi ndi kwachilengedwenso. makhalidwe a zipangizo mu ndondomeko ya kompositi.Kumbali imodzi, chilengedwe cha fermentation chimagwira ntchito komanso chimalimbikitsidwa.Kumbali ina, zopangira zosiyana zimasakanizidwa pamodzi, chifukwa cha katundu wosiyana, mlingo wa kuwonongeka ndi wosiyana.
Timawongolera njira yowotchera makamaka pazifukwa izi:
Chinyezi.
Madzi omwe ali muzinthu zopangira kompositi ndi 40% mpaka 70%, ndipo madzi abwino kwambiri ndi 60-70% kuti awonetsetse kuyenda bwino kwa kompositi.The mkulu kapena otsika chinyezi zili zakuthupi zidzakhudza ntchito ya tizilombo aerobic ndipo ayenera kusintha kwa chinyezi pamaso nayonso mphamvu.Pamene madzi ali ndi zinthu zosakwana 60%, kutentha kumakhala pang'onopang'ono ndipo kuwonongeka kochepa kumakhala koipa.Chinyezi kuposa 70% zimakhudza mpweya wabwino kupanga anaerobic nayonso mphamvu Kutentha pang'onopang'ono kuwola kwenikweni si abwino.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti madzi mu milu ya kompositi akhoza kulimbikitsa kuwola ndi kukhazikika kwa kompositi panthawi yogwira ntchito kwambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Kuchuluka kwa madzi kuyenera kusungidwa pa 50-60% kumayambiriro kwa kompositi.Kuyambira pamenepo, chinyezi chimakhalabe pa 40 mpaka 50 peresenti ndipo kwenikweni palibe madontho amadzi omwe angatuluke.Pambuyo fermentation, chinyontho cha zipangizo ayenera kulamulidwa pansi pa 30%, ngati madzi ochuluka ayenera 80degrees C kuyanika.
Kuwongolera kutentha.
Kutentha ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya tizilombo.Zimatsimikizira kugwirizana pakati pa zipangizo.Pa kutentha koyambirira kwa 30 mpaka 50 digiri Celsius, tizilombo tomwe timakhala ndi kutentha ℃ timawononga zinthu zambiri za organic ndikuphwanya mwachangu mapadi m'kanthawi kochepa, potero kulimbikitsa kutentha kwa kompositi.Kutentha koyenera kwambiri ndi 55 mpaka 60 digiri Celsius.Kutentha kwakukulu ndikofunikira kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mazira, mbewu za udzu ndi zinthu zina zapoizoni komanso zovulaza.Iphani zinthu zoopsa kwa maola, pa kutentha kwa 55degrees C, 65℃, madigiri C, ndi madigiri 70 C. Nthawi zambiri amatenga 2 mpaka 3 milungu pansi zinthu yachibadwa kutentha.
Tidanena kale kuti kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndizomwe zimayambitsa kutentha kwa kompositi.Madzi ochuluka amachepetsa kutentha kwa kompositi, kusintha chinyezi kumathandizira kutenthetsa mochedwa kwa kompositi.N'zothekanso kuchepetsa kutentha powonjezera chinyezi kuti musamatenthe kwambiri panthawi ya composting.
Kutembenuza mulu ndi njira ina yochepetsera kutentha.Ndi kutembenuza mulu akhoza bwino kulamulira kutentha kwa riyakitala kuonjezera evaporation madzi kuti mpweya wabwino mu mulu.Kuyenda dumper ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera kutentha kwa mulu.Ili ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito yosavuta komanso mtengo wabwino komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino.Kutentha kwa fermentation ndi nthawi yotentha kumatha kuyendetsedwa bwino ndi kutaya nthawi zonse.
Mpweya wa carbon-nitrogen.
Mpweya wabwino wa carbon nitrogen ukhoza kulimbikitsa kuwira bwino kwa kompositi.Ngati chiŵerengero cha carbon-nitrogen chiri chochuluka, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamoyo kumachepa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nayitrogeni komanso kuchepa kwa malo omera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yopangira manyowa.Ngati chiŵerengero cha carbon-nitrogen chili chochepa kwambiri cha carbon chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, nayitrogeni wochuluka monga kutayika kwa ammonia.Sikuti amangokhudza chilengedwe, komanso amachepetsa mphamvu ya nayitrogeni fetereza.Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa.Ana amakhala ndi 50% carbon, 5% nitrogen ndi 0.25% phosphoric acid.Ofufuzawo amalimbikitsa kompositi yoyenera C/N 3 ya 20-30%.
Mpweya wa carbon-nitrogen wa kompositi wa organic ukhoza kuyendetsedwa powonjezera mpweya wa carbon kapena nitrogen.Zida zina, monga udzu, udzu, nthambi zakufa ndi masamba, zimakhala ndi fiber, ligand ndi pectin.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa carbon/nitrogen, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha carbon.Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni mu manyowa a nyama ndi nkhuku atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha nayitrogeni.Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ammonia nitrogen mu manyowa a nkhumba ndi 80% ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timathandizira kukula ndi kubalana kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndikufulumizitsa kuwola kwa kompositi.
Mpweya wabwino ndi kupereka mpweya.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira ndi mpweya wokwanira kuwira manyowa.Ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kupereka mpweya wofunikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Kutentha kwakukulu ndi nthawi ya kumera kwa kompositi kumayendetsedwa ndi kuwongolera mpweya wabwino kuti uzitha kutentha kwa kompositi.Kuchulukitsa mpweya wabwino ndikusunga kutentha koyenera kumachotsa chinyezi.Mpweya wabwino ndi okosijeni zimachepetsa kutayika kwa nayitrogeni ndi kupanga fungo la kompositi.
Chinyezi cha feteleza wa organic chimakhudza kupuma, ntchito za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya.Ndiwofunika kwambiri pakupanga kompositi ya aerobic.Imafunika kulamulira chinyezi ndi mpweya wabwino malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, kuti akwaniritse mgwirizano wa madzi ndi mpweya.Pa nthawi yomweyo, onse, kulimbikitsa tizilombo kukula ndi kubalana kukhathamiritsa nayonso mphamvu zinthu.
Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti kumwa kwa okosijeni kumawonjezeka kwambiri pansi pa 60 ° C, pang'onopang'ono pa 60 ° C kapena pamwamba, ndipo pafupi ndi 0 pamwamba pa 70 ° C. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi mpweya ziyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi kutentha kosiyana.
pH control.
PH imakhudza njira yonse yowotchera.Mu magawo oyamba a kompositi, pH imakhudza ntchito ya mabakiteriya.Mwachitsanzo, pH?6.0 ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri pa manyowa a nkhumba ndi utuchi.Imalepheretsa kupanga mpweya woipa ndi kutentha pa pH slt; 6.0.Pamtengo wa PH wa 6.0, CO2 yake ndi kutentha kumawonjezeka mofulumira.Mukalowa mugawo la kutentha kwambiri, kuphatikizika kwa pH ndi kutentha kwakukulu kumayambitsa ammonia volaten.Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timathyola ma organic acid kudzera mu kompositi, ndikuchepetsa pH kufika pa 5. Ma asidi osasunthika amatha kusanduka nthunzi kutentha kumakwera.Pa nthawi yomweyo, kukokoloka kwa ammonia ndi organic zinthu kumawonjezera pH.Potsirizira pake imakhazikika pamlingo wapamwamba.Pa kutentha kwambiri kompositi, pH kuchokera pa 7.5 mpaka 8.5 imatha kufika pamlingo waukulu wa kompositi.Kuchuluka kwa pH kungayambitsenso kusungunuka kwa ammonia, kotero mutha kuchepetsa pH mwa kuwonjezera alum ndi phosphoric acid.
Mwachidule, kulamulira bwino ndi bwino nayonso mphamvu ya organic zopangira sikophweka.Izi ndi zosavuta kwa imodzi zopangira.Komabe, zopangira zosiyanasiyana zimalumikizana ndikuletsana.Kuti tikwaniritse kukhathamiritsa kwathunthu kwa zinthu za kompositi, mgwirizano wanjira iliyonse umafunikira.Pamene mikhalidwe yolamulira ili yoyenera, nayonso mphamvu ikuchitika bwino, motero kuyika maziko opangira feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-22-2020