Organic fetereza makamaka kupha zoipa tizilombo monga zomera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo mazira, udzu mbewu, etc. mu kwanyengo siteji ndi kutentha siteji ya kompositi.Komabe, gawo lalikulu la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono munjira iyi ndi metabolism ndi kubereka, ndipo pang'ono chabe amapangidwa.Ma metabolites, ndipo ma metaboliteswa ndi osakhazikika komanso osatengeka mosavuta ndi zomera.M'nyengo yozizira yamtsogolo, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timanyowetsa zinthu zakuthupi ndikupanga ma metabolites ambiri omwe ali opindulitsa pakukula kwa mbewu ndi kuyamwa.Izi zimatenga masiku 45-60.
Kompositi ikatha izi imatha kukwaniritsa zolinga zitatu:
Mmodzi.Ndizopanda vuto, zinthu zowononga zachilengedwe kapena zamankhwala zomwe zili mu zinyalala zachilengedwe zimasamalidwa mopanda vuto kapena motetezeka;
Chachiwiri, ndi humusification.Njira ya humusification ya nthaka organic kanthu ndi kuwola.Zosavuta kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala opangidwa pansi pa zochita za tizilombo kutulutsa organic mankhwala-humus.Iyi ndi njira ya humification, mawonekedwe a kudzikundikira zakudya;
Chachitatu, ndiko kupanga ma microbial metabolites.Pa kagayidwe kazakudya, ma metabolites osiyanasiyana, monga ma amino acid, ma nucleotides, polysaccharides, lipids, mavitamini, maantibayotiki, ndi mapuloteni amapangidwa.
The nayonso mphamvu ndondomeko organic kompositi ndi ndondomeko kagayidwe ndi kuberekana zosiyanasiyana tizilombo.Kagayidwe kachakudya ka ma microorganisms ndi njira yakuwonongeka kwa zinthu za organic.Kuwola kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kudzatulutsa mphamvu zoonjezera kutentha.The imfa, m'malo ndi zinthu mawonekedwe kusintha kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo mu ndondomeko kompositi zonse ikuchitika pa nthawi yomweyo.Kaya zimachokera ku thermodynamics, biology kapena kusintha kwa zinthu, composting fermentation process si nthawi yochepa ya masiku angapo kapena masiku khumi.Zomwe zingatheke ndi chifukwa chake composting imatenga masiku 45-60 ngakhale kutentha kosiyanasiyana, chinyezi, chinyezi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zina zimayendetsedwa bwino.
Nthawi zambiri, manyowa a manyowa a feteleza amatengera siteji ya kutentha → siteji ya kutentha kwambiri → siteji yozizirira → kukhwima ndi kuteteza kutentha.
1. Gawo la malungo
Kumayambiriro kwa kupanga kompositi, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta kompositi timakhala ndi kutentha kwapakati ndi aerobic, ndipo zofala kwambiri ndi mabakiteriya omwe si spore, spore bacteria ndi nkhungu.Iwo amayamba nayonso mphamvu ya composting, kuwola mosavuta organic zinthu pansi mikhalidwe aerobic ndi kupanga kwambiri kutentha, ndi mosalekeza kuwonjezera kutentha kompositi kuchokera pafupifupi 20 °C mpaka 40 °C, amene amatchedwa kutentha siteji.
2. Gawo la kutentha kwambiri
Kutentha kumawonjezeka, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta thermophilic timalowa m'malo mwa mitundu ya mesophilic ndikuchita nawo gawo lalikulu.Kutentha kumapitilira kukwera, nthawi zambiri kumafika pamwamba pa 50 ° C m'masiku ochepa, ndikulowa munyengo yotentha kwambiri.
Pakutentha kwambiri, thermoactinomycetes ndi bowa wa thermogenic amakhala mitundu yayikulu.Amawola mwamphamvu zinthu zovuta za organic mu kompositi, zimasonkhanitsa kutentha, ndipo kompositi kutentha kumakwera mpaka 60-80 ° C.
3. Kuzizira siteji
Pamene kutentha kwapamwamba kumatenga nthawi inayake, zinthu zambiri za cellulose, hemicellulose, ndi pectin zawonongeka, ndikusiya zigawo zovuta zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuwola ndi humus zomwe zangopangidwa kumene, ntchito ya tizilombo imafooka, ndipo kutentha pang'onopang'ono. madontho.Kutentha kukatsika pansi pa 40 ° C, tizilombo ta mesophilic timakhalanso zamoyo zomwe zimakonda kwambiri.
4. Gawo la kuwola ndi kusunga feteleza
Kompositiyo ikawonongeka, voliyumu imachepa, ndipo kutentha kwa kompositi kumatsika pang'ono kuposa kutentha.Panthawiyi, kompositiyo iyenera kupangidwa kuti ipangitse anaerobic state ndikufooketsa mineralization ya organic matter kuti ateteze kusungitsa feteleza.
Kuphatikizika kwa mchere wa kompositi organic matter kumatha kupatsa mbewu ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono, kupereka mphamvu zogwirira ntchito za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndikukonzekera zopangira zopangira manyowa a kompositi.
Zizindikiro za njira yowotchera feteleza wa organic:
1. Kutayirira
Njira yowotchera yachilengedwe imayamba kumasuka pa tsiku lachinayi la kuwira ndipo imakhala ngati zidutswa zosweka.
2. Kununkhira
The bio-yowotchera njira anayamba kuchepetsa fungo kuyambira tsiku lachiwiri, kwenikweni mbisoweka pa tsiku lachinayi, kwathunthu mbisoweka pa tsiku lachisanu, ndi exuded kununkhira kwa nthaka pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri.
3. Kutentha
The biological nayonso mphamvu njira anafika mkulu kutentha siteji pa tsiku 2, ndipo anayamba kubwerera mmbuyo pa 7 tsiku.Pitirizani kutentha kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo nayonso mphamvu idzawonongeka kwathunthu.
4. PH mtengo
Mtengo wa pH wa njira yowotchera yachilengedwe umafika pa 6.5.
5. Chinyezi
Chinyezi choyambirira cha zinthu zowotchera ndi 55%, ndipo chinyontho cha njira ya biological fermentation chikhoza kuchepetsedwa mpaka 30%.
6. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N)
Kumayambiriro kwa nayonso mphamvu, zomwe zili mu ammonium nitrogen zimakula mwachangu ndikufikira kuchuluka kwambiri patsiku la 4.Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha ammoniation ndi mineralization ya organic nitrogen.Pambuyo pake, nayitrogeni wa ammonium mu feteleza wachilengedwe adatayika ndikusinthidwa chifukwa cha kusinthasintha.Amakhala nayitrogeni wa nitrate ndipo amachepetsa pang'onopang'ono.Nayitrogeni wa ammonium akachepera 400mg/kg, amafika pachimake.Zomwe zili mu ammonium nitrogen mu njira yowotchera yachilengedwe zitha kuchepetsedwa kukhala pafupifupi 215mg/kg.
7. Mpweya wa carbon ku nayitrogeni
Chiŵerengero cha C/NC/N cha kompositi chikafika pansi pa 20, chimafika pamlingo wokhwima.
Chodzikanira: Zina mwazinthu zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi ndizongongotchula chabe.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-29-2021