Fermentation Technology ya Nkhumba Manyowa Organic Feteleza

Palinso minda yambiri ikuluikulu ndi yaing’ono.Pokwaniritsa zosowa za anthu za nyama, amatulutsanso manyowa ambiri a ziweto ndi nkhuku.The wololera mankhwala manyowa sangathe bwino kuthetsa vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, komanso kutembenukira zinyalala.Weibao amapeza phindu lalikulu ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapanga chilengedwe chokhazikika chaulimi.

Manyowa achilengedwe zimachokera ku zomera ndi/kapena nyama, ndipo fermented ndi kuwola mpweya wokhala ndi organic zipangizo.Ntchito yake ndikuwongolera chonde m'nthaka, kupereka zakudya zamasamba, ndikuwongolera zokolola.Ndi yoyenera feteleza wopangidwa kuchokera ku manyowa a ziweto ndi nkhuku, zotsalira za nyama ndi zomera ndi zinyama ndi zomera, zomwe zimakhala zofufumitsa ndikuwola.

Manyowa a nkhumba amakhala ndi zinthu zochepa kwambiri kuposa manyowa a ng’ombe ndipo amawola msanga.Feteleza ali ndi nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous wambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa michere yogwiritsira ntchito manyowa a nkhumba ndi 70%, yomwe ndi feteleza wamtengo wapatali kwambiri.

Maupangiri a pa intaneti akuwonetsa kuti manyowa anyama osiyanasiyana ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosinthira mpweya chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwa carbon-nitrogen.Nthawi zambiri, chiŵerengero cha carbon-nitrogen pa fermentation ndi cha 25-35.Mpweya wa carbon ndi nayitrogeni wa manyowa a nkhumba ndi pafupifupi 16-20.

Chiŵerengero cha carbon-nitrogen cha manyowa a ziweto ndi nkhuku kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zidzakhalanso zosiyana.Ndikofunikira kusintha chiŵerengero cha mpweya wa nayitrogeni kuti muluwo uwole molingana ndi mmene zilili m’dera lililonse komanso chiŵerengero chenicheni cha carbon-nitrogen cha manyowa.

Njira yopanga manyowa a nkhumba ndi organic fetereza:

Kupesa→kuphwanya→kugwedeza ndi kusakaniza→kung'ung'udza→kuyanika→kuziziritsa→kusunga→kulongedza ndi kusunga.

1. Kuyanika

Kuwotchera kokwanira ndiko maziko opangira feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri.Makina otembenuzira mulu amazindikira kuwira bwino ndi kupanga kompositi, ndipo amatha kuzindikira kutembenuka kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kuwira, zomwe zimakulitsa liwiro la aerobic fermentation.

2. Gwirani

Chopukusira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga feteleza wachilengedwe, ndipo chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zophwanyidwa pazinthu zonyowa monga manyowa a nkhuku ndi matope.

3. Kusonkhezera

Zopangirazo zikaphwanyidwa, zimasakanizidwa ndi zinthu zina zothandizira mofanana kenako n’kupanga granulated.

4. Granulation

Njira yopangira granulation ndiye gawo lalikulu la mzere wopanga feteleza wa organic.organic fetereza granulator amakwaniritsa yunifolomu granulation wapamwamba kwambiri kudzera mosalekeza kusakaniza, kugundana, inlay, spheroidization, granulation, ndi densification.

5. Kuyanika ndi kuziziritsa

Chowumitsira ng'oma chimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zigwirizane ndi mpweya wotentha komanso zimachepetsa chinyezi cha particles.

Pamene kuchepetsa kutentha kwa pellets, chozizira cha ng'oma chimachepetsanso madzi omwe ali mu pellets kachiwiri, ndipo pafupifupi 3% ya madzi amatha kuchotsedwa kupyolera mu kuzizira.

6. Kuwunika

Pambuyo kuzirala, ma ufa onse ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono titha kuyang'aniridwa ndi makina a ng'oma.

7. Kuyika

Iyi ndi njira yomaliza yopanga.Makina ojambulira odziyimira pawokha amatha kulemera, kunyamula ndikusindikiza thumba.

Kuyambitsa zida zazikulu zopangira manyowa a nkhumba organic fetereza mzere:

1. Zida zoyatsira: makina otembenuza amtundu wa ufa, makina otembenuza amtundu wa crawler, kutembenuza mbale ndi makina oponya.

2. Crusher zida: theka-yonyowa zakuthupi crusher, ofukula chopondapo

3. Zida zosakaniza: chosakaniza chopingasa, chosakaniza poto

4. Zida zowonetsera: makina owonetsera ng'oma

5. Zipangizo za granulator: chokozera mano choyambitsa mano, granulator ya disc, granulator extrusion, ng'oma granulator

6. Zipangizo zowumitsira: chowumitsira ng'oma

7. Zida zoziziritsira: ng'oma yozizira

8. Zida zothandizira: cholekanitsa chamadzimadzi cholimba, chodyetsa chochulukira, makina opangira ma CD, makina onyamula lamba.

Makamaka kuchokera pazifukwa zotsatirazi zowongolera njira yowotchera:

Chinyezi

Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kompositi ikuyenda bwino panthawi ya composting, kuchuluka kwa madzi mu gawo loyamba la kompositi kuyenera kusungidwa pa 50-60%.Pambuyo pake, chinyezi chimasungidwa pa 40% mpaka 50%.Kwenikweni, palibe madontho amadzi omwe amatha kutuluka.Pambuyo pa nayonso mphamvu, chinyontho cha zinthu zopangira chikuyenera kuyendetsedwa pansi pa 30%.Ngati chinyezi chili chambiri, chiyenera kuumitsidwa pa 80 ° C.

Kuwongolera kutentha

Kutentha ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya tizilombo.Stacking ndi njira ina yochepetsera kutentha.Mwa kutembenuza stack, kutentha kwa stack kungathe kuyendetsedwa bwino kuti muwonjezere kutuluka kwa madzi ndikulola mpweya wabwino kulowa mu stack.Kupyolera mu kutembenuzika kosalekeza, kutentha ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthawi ya fermentation kumatha kuyendetsedwa bwino.

Mpweya wa carbon ndi nitrogen

Mpweya wabwino wa carbon ndi nayitrogeni ukhoza kulimbikitsa kuwira bwino kwa kompositi.Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapanga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga mu organic fermentation process.Ofufuza amalimbikitsa kompositi yoyenera C/N ya 20-30%.

Mpweya wa carbon ndi nayitrogeni wa kompositi wa organic ukhoza kusinthidwa powonjezera zinthu za carbon kapena nitrogen yambiri.Zida zina monga udzu, udzu, nthambi zakufa ndi masamba zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera za carbon.Ikhoza kulimbikitsa kukula ndi kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikufulumizitsa kukhwima kwa kompositi.

pH control

Mtengo wa pH umakhudza njira yonse yowotchera.Mu gawo loyambirira la kompositi, mtengo wa pH umakhudza ntchito ya mabakiteriya.

Chodzikanira: Zina mwazinthu zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi zikuchokera pa intaneti ndipo ndizongongowona.