Palinso minda yambiri ikuluikulu ndi yaing’ono.Pokwaniritsa zosowa za anthu za nyama, amatulutsanso manyowa ambiri a ziweto ndi nkhuku.The wololera mankhwala manyowa sangathe bwino kuthetsa vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, komanso kutembenukira zinyalala.Weibao amapeza phindu lalikulu ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapanga chilengedwe chokhazikika chaulimi.
amatanthauza zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya zomwe zimachokera ku zomera ndi/kapena nyama zomwe zimafufutidwa ndikuwola.Ntchito yawo ndikuwongolera chonde m'nthaka, kupereka zakudya zamasamba, ndikuwongolera zokolola.Ndi yoyenera feteleza wopangidwa kuchokera ku manyowa a ziweto ndi nkhuku, zotsalira za nyama ndi zomera ndi zinyama ndi zomera, zomwe zimakhala zofufumitsa ndikuwola.
Manyowa a manyowa a ng'ombe ndi ochepa.Lili ndi 14.5% organic matter, 0.30-0.45% nitrogen, 0.15-0.25% phosphorous, 0.10-0.15% potaziyamu, ndi cellulose yambiri ndi lignin.Pali zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuwola mu ndowe za ng'ombe, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino.
Maupangiri a pa intaneti akuwonetsa kuti manyowa anyama osiyanasiyana ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosinthira mpweya chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwa carbon-nitrogen.Nthawi zambiri, chiŵerengero cha carbon-nitrogen pa fermentation ndi cha 25-35.Mpweya wa carbon ndi nayitrogeni wa ndowe za ng’ombe ndi pafupifupi 14-18. Chiŵerengero cha carbon-nitrogen cha manyowa a ziweto ndi nkhuku zochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zidzakhalanso zosiyana.Ndikofunikira kusintha chiŵerengero cha mpweya wa nayitrogeni kuti muluwo uwole molingana ndi mmene zilili m’dera lililonse komanso chiŵerengero chenicheni cha carbon-nitrogen cha manyowa.
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Chiyembekezo cha kutulutsa ndowe za ng'ombe. Netiweki yochokera ku data ndi yongotengera zokha | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mitundu ya ziweto ndi nkhuku | Kuchulukitsa kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kg | Kutulutsa kwapachaka/metric toni | Chiwerengero cha ziweto ndi nkhuku | Pafupifupi chaka chilichonse feteleza wachilengedwe/metric toni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 400 kg ng'ombe | 25 | 9.1 | 1,000 | 6,388 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Njira yopanga manyowa a ng'ombe organic fetereza:
Kupesa→kuphwanya→kugwedeza ndi kusakaniza→kung'ung'udza→kuyanika→kuziziritsa→kusunga→kulongedza ndi kusunga.
1. Kuyanika:
Kuwotchera kokwanira ndiko maziko opangira feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri.Makina otembenuzira mulu amazindikira kuwira bwino ndi kupanga kompositi, ndipo amatha kuzindikira kutembenuka kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kuwira, zomwe zimakulitsa liwiro la aerobic fermentation.
2. Kuphwanya:
Chopukusira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga feteleza wachilengedwe, ndipo chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zophwanyidwa pazinthu zonyowa monga manyowa a nkhuku ndi matope.
3. Kugwedeza:
Zopangirazo zikaphwanyidwa, zimasakanizidwa ndi zinthu zina zothandizira mofanana kenako n’kupanga granulated.
4. Granulation:
Njira yopangira granulation ndiye gawo lalikulu la mzere wopanga feteleza wa organic.organic fetereza granulator amakwaniritsa yunifolomu granulation wapamwamba kwambiri kudzera mosalekeza kusakaniza, kugundana, inlay, spheroidization, granulation, ndi densification.
5. Kuyanika ndi kuziziritsa:
Chowumitsira ng'oma chimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zigwirizane ndi mpweya wotentha komanso zimachepetsa chinyezi cha particles.
Pamene kuchepetsa kutentha kwa pellets, chozizira cha ng'oma chimachepetsanso madzi omwe ali mu pellets kachiwiri, ndipo pafupifupi 3% ya madzi amatha kuchotsedwa kupyolera mu kuzizira.
6. Kuwunika:
Pambuyo kuzirala, ma ufa onse ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono titha kuyang'aniridwa ndi makina a ng'oma.
7. Kuyika:
Iyi ndi njira yomaliza yopanga.Makina ojambulira odziyimira pawokha amatha kulemera, kunyamula ndikusindikiza thumba.
Chiyambi cha zida zazikulu zopangira ndowe za ng'ombe organic fetereza:
1. Zida zowotchera: Makina otembenuzira amtundu, makina otembenuza amtundu wa crawler, makina otembenuza unyolo ndi makina oponya
2. Zida zophwanyira: chopondapo chonyowa pang'ono, chophwanya choyimirira
3. Zida zosakaniza: chosakanizira chopingasa, chosakaniza poto
4. Zida zowonera: makina owonera ng'oma
5. Zida za granulator: chogwetsera mano, disc granulator, extrusion granulator, ng'oma granulator
6. Zipangizo zowumitsira: chowumitsira ng'oma
7. Zida zozizira: ng'oma ozizira
8. Zida zothandizira: chowonjezera chowonjezera, makina ojambulira ochulukirachulukira, cholumikizira lamba.
Makamaka kuchokera pazifukwa zotsatirazi zowongolera njira yowotchera:
Chinyezi:
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kompositi ikuyenda bwino panthawi ya composting, kuchuluka kwa madzi mu gawo loyamba la kompositi kuyenera kusungidwa pa 50-60%.Pambuyo pake, chinyezi chimasungidwa pa 40% mpaka 50%.Kwenikweni, palibe madontho amadzi omwe amatha kutuluka.Pambuyo pa nayonso mphamvu, chinyontho cha zinthu zopangira chikuyenera kuyendetsedwa pansi pa 30%.Ngati chinyezi chili chambiri, chiyenera kuumitsidwa pa 80 ° C.
Kuwongolera kutentha:
Kutentha ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya tizilombo.Stacking ndi njira ina yochepetsera kutentha.Mwa kutembenuza stack, kutentha kwa stack kungathe kuyendetsedwa bwino kuti muwonjezere kutuluka kwa madzi ndikulola mpweya wabwino kulowa mu stack.Kupyolera mu kutembenuzika kosalekeza, kutentha ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthawi ya fermentation kumatha kuyendetsedwa bwino.
Mpweya wa carbon ndi nitrogen:
Mpweya wabwino wa carbon ndi nayitrogeni ukhoza kulimbikitsa kuwira bwino kwa kompositi.Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapanga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga mu organic fermentation process.Ofufuza amalimbikitsa kompositi yoyenera C/N ya 20-30%.
Mpweya wa carbon ndi nayitrogeni wa kompositi wa organic ukhoza kusinthidwa powonjezera zinthu za carbon kapena nitrogen yambiri.Zida zina monga udzu, udzu, nthambi zakufa ndi masamba zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera za carbon.Ikhoza kulimbikitsa kukula ndi kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikufulumizitsa kukhwima kwa kompositi.
Kuwongolera pH:
Mtengo wa pH umakhudza njira yonse yowotchera.Mu gawo loyambirira la kompositi, mtengo wa pH umakhudza ntchito ya mabakiteriya.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-28-2021