Kompositi amasintha manyowa a nkhuku kukhala feteleza wabwino kwambiri wachilengedwe
1. Popanga manyowa, manyowa a ziweto, pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, amasintha zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kukhala zakudya zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuyamwa ndi zipatso ndi masamba.
2. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa pafupifupi 70 ° C komwe kumapangidwa panthawi ya composting kungathe kupha majeremusi ambiri ndi mazira, makamaka kukwaniritsa zosavulaza.
Kachitidwe ka fermentation ya kompositi imawola kwathunthu zinyalala za organic, ndipo kupesa kwa bio-organic yaiwisi kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga konse kwa feteleza.Kuwotchera kokwanira ndiko maziko opangira feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri.The kompositi makina amazindikira nayonso mphamvu wathunthu ndi kompositi wa fetereza, ndipo akhoza kuzindikira mkulu-stacking ndi nayonso mphamvu, amene bwino liwiro la aerobic nayonso mphamvu.
Manyowa a nkhuku omwe sanawoledwe mokwanira tinganene kuti ndi feteleza wowopsa.
Manyowa achilengedwe ali ndi ntchito zambiri.Feteleza wachilengedwe atha kuwongolera chilengedwe cha nthaka, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa tizilombo tothandiza, kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zaulimi zikhale bwino, komanso kuti mbewu zikule bwino.
Kuwongolera momwe feteleza amapangira feteleza ndikulumikizana kwa thupi ndi chilengedwe panthawi ya kompositi, ndipo zowongolera zimayenderana ndi kuyanjana.
Kuwongolera chinyezi:
Chinyezi ndi chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kompositi.Popanga manyowa, chinyezi cha kompositi ndi 40% mpaka 70%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kompositi ipite patsogolo.
Kuwongolera kutentha:
Ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, yomwe imatsimikizira kugwirizana kwa zipangizo.
Kompositi ndi chinthu chinanso chowongolera kutentha.Kompositi imatha kuwongolera kutentha kwa zinthuzo, kumapangitsa kuti madzi azituluka, ndikukakamiza mpweya kudutsa muluwo.
:Kuwongolera chiŵerengero cha C/N
Ngati chiŵerengero cha C/N chili choyenera, kompositi imatha kuchitidwa bwino.Ngati chiŵerengero cha C/N chili chokwera kwambiri, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nayitrogeni komanso malo ocheperako a kukula, chiwopsezo cha zinyalala za organic chidzachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yopangira manyowa.Ngati chiŵerengero cha C/N chili chochepa kwambiri, mpweya ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, ndipo nayitrogeni wochuluka amatayika monga ammonia.Sikuti amangokhudza chilengedwe, komanso amachepetsa mphamvu ya nayitrogeni fetereza.
Mpweya wabwino ndi kupereka mpweya:
Manyowa a manyowa ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa mpweya wosakwanira ndi mpweya.Ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kupereka mpweya wofunikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Zomwe kutentha zimasinthidwa ndikuwongolera mpweya wabwino, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu ndi nthawi ya composting imayendetsedwa.
Kuwongolera kwa PH:
Mtengo wa PH ukhudza njira yonse yopangira manyowa.Nthawi zowongolera zili bwino, kompositiyo imatha kukonzedwa bwino.Choncho, feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri amatha kupangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wabwino kwambiri wa zomera.
Njira zopangira kompositi.
Ndi mwambo kuti anthu azisiyanitsa pakati pa aerobic composting ndi anaerobic composting.Njira yamakono yopangira kompositi kwenikweni ndi aerobic composting.Izi zili choncho chifukwa kompositi ya aerobic imakhala ndi ubwino wotentha kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa matrix mozama, kadulidwe kakang'ono ka kompositi, fungo lochepa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mawotchi.Anaerobic kompositi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tikwaniritse kuwonongeka, mpweya umakhala wolekanitsidwa ndi kompositi, kutentha kumakhala kochepa, ndondomekoyi ndi yosavuta, mankhwalawa ali ndi nayitrogeni wambiri, koma kompositi yozungulira ndi yaitali kwambiri. fungo ndi wamphamvu, ndipo mankhwala muli osakwanira kuwola Zonyansa.
Imodzi imagawidwa molingana ndi ngati mpweya ukufunika, pali composting aerobic ndi anaerobic composting;
Imodzi imagawidwa ndi kutentha kwa kompositi, kuphatikizapo kompositi yotentha kwambiri ndi kompositi yapakatikati;
Imodzi imayikidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa makina, kuphatikiza kompositi yachilengedwe yotseguka ndi kompositi yamakina.
Malingana ndi kufunikira kwa mpweya wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda panthawi ya composting, njira ya composting ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: composting aerobic ndi anaerobic composting.Nthawi zambiri, kompositi ya aerobic composting imakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri 55-60 ℃, ndipo malire amatha kufika 80-90 ℃.Choncho composting ya aerobic imatchedwanso kuti kompositi yotentha kwambiri;kompositi ya anaerobic ndi composting ndi anaerobic microbial fermentation pansi pa mikhalidwe ya anaerobic.
1. Mfundo ya aerobic composting.
Aerobic composting ikuchitika pansi aerobic mikhalidwe ntchito zochita za aerobic tizilombo.Pakupanga kompositi, zinthu zosungunuka mu manyowa a ziweto zimatengedwa mwachindunji ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzera m'maselo a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono;The insoluble colloidal organic zinthu poyamba adsorbed kunja kwa tizilombo ndi kuwola mu zinthu sungunuka ndi extracellular michere otulutsidwa ndi tizilombo, ndiyeno kulowa mu maselo..
Kompositi ya Aerobic imatha kugawidwa pafupifupi magawo atatu.
Sing'anga kutentha siteji.Gawo la mesophilic limatchedwanso gawo lopanga kutentha, lomwe limatanthawuza gawo loyamba la kupanga kompositi.Mulu wosanjikiza ndi masophilic pa 15-45 ° C.Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta Mesophilic timagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo timagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosungunuka zomwe zili mu kompositi kuti zigwire ntchito zamoyo zambiri.Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta mesophilic ndi bowa, mabakiteriya ndi actinomycetes, makamaka zochokera ku shuga ndi zowuma.
②Chigawo cha kutentha kwambiri.Kutentha kwa stack kukakwera pamwamba pa 45 ℃, kumalowetsa kutentha kwakukulu.Panthawi imeneyi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalepheretsa kapena kufa, ndipo m'malo mwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta thermophilic.Zotsalira ndi zatsopano sungunuka organic zinthu mu kompositi akupitiriza kukhala oxidized ndi decomposed, ndi zovuta organic nkhani mu kompositi, monga hemicellulose, mapadi ndi mapuloteni, komanso kwambiri kuwola.
③gawo lozizirira.Kumapeto kwa kupesa, kumatsala zina mwazinthu zovuta kuwola komanso humus wongopangidwa kumene.Panthawi imeneyi, ntchito ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono imachepa, mtengo wa calorific umachepetsa, ndipo kutentha kumachepa.Tizilombo ta Mesophilic timalamuliranso, ndikuwononganso zinthu zotsalira zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuwola.Humus ikupitiriza kuwonjezereka ndi kukhazikika, ndipo kompositi imalowa mu msinkhu wa kukhwima, ndipo kufunikira kwa okosijeni kumachepetsedwa kwambiri., Chinyezicho chimachepetsedwanso, porosity ya kompositi imawonjezeka, ndipo mphamvu ya kufalikira kwa okosijeni imakula.Panthawiyi, mpweya wokwanira wachilengedwe umafunika.
2. Mfundo ya anaerobic composting.
Anaerobic kompositi ndi ntchito anaerobic tizilombo kuchita spoilage nayonso mphamvu ndi kuwonongeka pansi anoxic zinthu.Kuphatikiza pa carbon dioxide ndi madzi, mankhwala omaliza amaphatikizapo ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane ndi zina organic acid, kuphatikizapo ammonia, hydrogen sulfide ndi zinthu zina. miyezi kuti kuwola kwathunthu.Manyowa amtundu wamba ndi anaerobic composting.
Njira yopangira kompositi ya anaerobic imagawidwa m'magawo awiri:
Gawo loyamba ndi gawo la kupanga asidi.Mabakiteriya otulutsa asidi amawononga mamolekyu akuluakulu kukhala mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono organic acid, acetic acid, propanol ndi zinthu zina.
Gawo lachiwiri ndi gawo lopangira methane.Methanogens akupitiriza kuwola ma organic acid kukhala mpweya wa methane.
Palibe mpweya woti uchite nawo ntchito ya anaerobic, ndipo njira ya acidification imapanga mphamvu zochepa.Mphamvu zambiri zimasungidwa mu mamolekyu a organic acid ndikutulutsidwa ngati mpweya wa methane pansi pa mabakiteriya a methane.Kompositi ya Anaerobic imadziwika ndi masitepe ambiri, kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono komanso nthawi yayitali.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-24-2023